Action in the OraGoogle mess, as I like to call that litigation. Google has filed its answer to Oracle's amended complaint and its memorandum opposing Oracle's Motion to Dismiss. And we find out why Google didn't just roll over and pay Oracle for a license. Oracle asked in its motion to dismiss that the counterclaims alleging that Oracle's patents are invalid be dismissed. So Google explains more thoroughly why it believes they are in fact invalid. First, Google asserts:
Each of the Patents-in-Suit is invalid under 35 U.S.C. § 101 because one or more
claims are directed to abstract ideas or other non-statutory subject matter.
Did I tell you or did I tell you? There are other reasons, as I'll show you in a minute, why Google thinks the patents should be declared invalid.
Look at this, though. Google also says Oracle's Exhibit J [PDF] attached to its amended complaint, Oracle's side-by-side comparison of Java (J2SE) and "Android versions of PolicyNodeImpl.java" that seemed to establish copying, isn't accurate, in that Oracle "has redacted or deleted
from the materials shown in Exhibit J both expressive material and copyright headers that appear
in the actual materials, which are significant elements and features of the files in question." Wow and double wow. If that proves true, it reminds me of the 300 lines of code "proof" from SCO in the SCO v. IBM case, when IBM showed the judge at a hearing that Sandeep Gupta's exhibit to a declaration he'd filed for SCO had "juxtaposed" code in such a way as to "give the appearance of similarity when, in fact, no similarity exists."
But there's more. Lots more, including a defense of misuse, alleging that Oracle, and Sun before it, has "impermissibly expand[ed] the scope of the Patents-in-Suit by requiring licensees to license items not covered by Oracle’s alleged intellectual property in order to receive a license to Oracle’s alleged intellectual property."
Here are the filings, including a proposed case management schedule, before we continue on:
11/10/2010 - 50 - TENTATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT ORDER. Please review and critique in the joint case management statement and at the conference. Signed by Judge William Alsup on 11/10/2010. (whasec, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 11/10/2010) (Entered: 11/10/2010)
11/10/2010 - 51 - Google Inc.'s ANSWER to Amended Complaint for Patent and Copyright Infringement, Amended COUNTERCLAIM against Oracle America, Inc. byGoogle Inc.. (Zimmer, Donald) (Filed on 11/10/2010) (Entered: 11/10/2010)
11/10/2010 - 52 - Memorandum in Opposition to Oracle's Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Strike filed byGoogle Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit, # 3 Exhibit, # 4 Exhibit, # 5 Proposed Order)(Zimmer, Donald) (Filed on 11/10/2010) (Entered: 11/10/2010)
Google says the Dalvik bytecode is distinct and separate from the Java bytecode, so the Dalvik VM is not a Java VM.
On the copyright infringement claim, Google "specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
copyright rights of Oracle." Android is developed by lots of companies and individuals, and one defense is third-party liability. That's saying if there is a problem, it's not Google whodunnit. "Other than the Harmony libraries, the Android platform – including, without limitation, the Dalvik VM – was independently developed by the OHA," Google points out. The OHA is the Open Handset Alliance, which is 78 companies and entities, not just Google. "The Android Open Source Project (“AOSP”) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android, including incorporating code and submissions from the community of developers who contribute to Android and the tens of thousands of developers who create applications for Android."
Here are some of the additional reasons Google believes the patents are invalid:
First Defense – No Patent Infringement
1. Google does not infringe, has not infringed (directly, contributorily, or by
inducement) and is not liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of U.S.
Reissue Patent No. RE38,104 (“the ‘104 reissue patent”), and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,966,702 (“the
‘702 patent”), 6,061,520 (“the ‘520 patent”), 6,125,447 (“the ‘447 patent”), 6,192,476 (“the ‘476
patent”), 6,910,205 (“the ‘205 patent”), and 7,426,720 (“the ‘720 patent”) (collectively “the
Patents-in-Suit”).
2. No claim of the Patents-in-Suit can be properly construed to cover any of
Google’s products.
Second Defense – Patent Invalidity
4. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is invalid because it fails to meet the “conditions for
patentability” of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention.
5. The ‘104 reissue patent is invalid under 35 U.S.C. §§ 251 and 252 on the grounds
that the reissue patent enlarged the scope of one or more claims of the original patent more than
two years from the grant of the original patent.
Third Defense – Patent Unenforceability (Waiver, Estoppel, Laches)
6. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is unenforceable because, as is explained more fully in
Google’s counterclaims below, Oracle’s delay in bringing suit was unreasonable and
inexcusable, and Google has suffered material prejudice due to the delay.
7. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is unenforceable because, as is explained more fully in
Google’s counterclaims below, upon information and belief, the statements and actions of Oracle
and its predecessor Sun Microsystems, Inc. (“Sun”) were such that it was reasonable to infer that
Oracle did not intend to enforce its patents, Google relied on the misleading conduct, and Google
will be materially prejudiced if Oracle is allowed to proceed with its claim.
8. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is unenforceable because, as is explained more fully in
Google’s counterclaims below, upon information and belief, Oracle knowingly waived any right
it may have to enforce the Patents-in-Suit.
9. The ‘104 reissue patent is unenforceable because the applicant exercised
unreasonable delay and neglect in bringing forward claims that were broader than those in the
original application by waiting over four years to file a broadening reissue and prosecuting the
reissue application for almost nine years after the original patent issued.
On the copyright infringement claim, Google also asserts defenses of fair use, waiver and laches, and de minimis. That last could seem to be an acknowledgment, in the sense that it seems to be saying it copied but not enough to matter under the law. But you can use contradictory alternative defenses, just in case, and Google also has a defense of independent creation:
The Android Platform, including the Android operating system, the Android
Software Development Kit and the Dalvik Virtual Machine, was created independently and
without reference to any works protected by the Asserted Copyrights.
So if there was any copyright infringement, Google says it would be by third parties:
Sixteenth Defense – Third Party Liability
24. Any use in the Android Platform of any protected elements of the works that are
the subject of the Asserted Copyrights was made by third parties without the knowledge of
Google, and Google is not liable for such use.
Is Google throwing Apache under the bus? That seems to be a popular choice these days all over the place. But here Google instead goes on to say that development of Android was done by a lot of companies belonging to the Open Handset Alliance, that anyone can develop it, and then Google explains the tech as to why Dalvik isn't a Java VM:
11. The Android Platform (“Android”) is a freely-distributed, open-source software
stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key mobile
applications. Android was released in 2007 by a group of seventy-eight technology and mobile
companies known as the Open Handset Alliance (“OHA”) who have come together to accelerate
innovation in mobile devices and offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile
experience. The members of the OHA, which include Google, mobile operators, handset
manufacturers, semiconductor companies, software companies and commercialization
companies, are each strongly committed to greater openness in the mobile ecosystem.
12. The OHA believes that an open platform – a platform that provides equal access
to any who would choose to develop software for the platform – is essential to allow wireless
carriers, handset manufacturers, software developers and others to more rapidly bring innovative
ideas to the marketplace and to better respond to consumers’ demands. An open platform also
ensures that there is no threat of a central point of failure, so that no single industry player can
restrict or control the innovations of any other. The objective of Android is an open and shared
product that each contributor can freely tailor and customize. The members of the OHA,
including Google, have invested heavily in Android by contributing significant intellectual
property as well as economic and engineering resources to the development and maintenance of
Android.
13. The Android platform includes, among other things, the Android Software
Development Kit (“SDK”) and the Dalvik Virtual Machine (“VM”). The Dalvik VM relies on a
version of the Linux kernel for core system services such as security, memory management,
process management, network stack, and driver model, and as an abstraction layer between the
hardware and the rest of the software stack. The core class libraries of the Dalvik VM
incorporate a subset of Apache Harmony, a clean room, open source implementation of Java
from the Apache Software Foundation. Other than the Harmony libraries, the Android platform
– including, without limitation, the Dalvik VM – was independently developed by the OHA.
14. The Android Open Source Project (“AOSP”) is tasked with the maintenance and
further development of Android, including incorporating code and submissions from the
community of developers who contribute to Android and the tens of thousands of developers
who create applications for Android. The goal of the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is to
ensure that the open-source Android software is implemented as widely and consistently as
possible, to the benefit of the developer and user communities, and others involved in Android.
Google, along with several corporate partners and volunteer technology enthusiasts, contributes
resources, including engineers and financial support, to the AOSP.
15. The information and source code for the Android Platform is openly and freely
available for developers, manufacturers, or any member of the general public to download at
http://source.android.com and http://developer.android.com. The majority of the Android
software is made available under the permissive open source license terms of the Apache
Software License, 2.0 (“Apache 2.0”). Certain aspects of Android, such as the Linux kernel
patches, are made available under the GPLv2 license.
16. Developers are free to modify the source code of the Android platform to fit their
particular purpose. Android’s permissive open-source license allows a developer to adopt the
Android platform and freely build software and enhancements on top of the platform, while
maintaining the flexibility to release the software and enhancements to the public under either an
open source license, or alternatively under a commercial license, which would protect the
developer’s proprietary investment in Android.
17. Google does not receive any payment, fee, royalty, or other remuneration for its
contributions to the Android Platform.
C. Android and the Java Programming Language
18. Developers for Android can create software applications for Android-based
mobile devices using various programming languages, including the Java programming
language. For use on the Android platform, these software applications are converted into a set
of intermediate instructions – i.e., Dalvik “bytecode,” typically stored in files in the Dalvik
Executable (.dex) format – with the “dx” tool included with the Android platform. These .dex
files can be executed on any mobile device with a Dalvik VM. The Dalvik VM implements a
register-based architecture (distinct from a stack-oriented architecture), where data and
parameters are loaded directly into virtual machine registers. The Dalvik VM and .dex format
are optimized for battery-powered mobile devices that are more limited in terms of computing
and memory resources than desktop computers.
19. Although software applications for the Android platform may be written in the
Java programming language, the Dalvik bytecode is distinct and different from Java bytecode.
The Dalvik VM is not a Java VM.
20. The Android Platform has been a success in the mobile handset industry.
Although Android was a latecomer to the smartphone market – first becoming generally
available in late 2008 – there are currently approximately ninety different Android-based mobile
devices made by over twenty different manufacturers available for purchase in dozens of
countries. Indeed, approximately 200,000 Android-based handsets are activated every day on
over fifty different wireless carriers. Android Market – a store where developers can sell
applications (“apps”) that they create for Android-based devices – has over 80,000 apps available
for download.
21. Android’s popularity has proven to be a catalyst for the Java open source
community and the increased use of the Java programming language. Indeed, when Android was
first released in November of 2007, Sun CEO Jonathan Schwartz confirmed this fact,
congratulating Android and stating that “needless to say, Google and the Open Handset Alliance
just strapped another set of rockets to the community’s momentum – and to the vision defining
opportunity across our (and other) planets.”
22. The success of the Android platform is due in large part to its open nature, which
benefits the entire open source community of consumers, developers, manufacturers, and mobile
operators. Android’s permissive open source license allows developers and manufacturers to
innovate rapidly under their own terms while simultaneously protecting their proprietary
intellectual property, if so desired. Because Android provides open and comprehensive access to
handset capabilities and developer tools, developers experience increased productivity and are
better able to optimize their Android applications. Mobile operators and handset manufacturers
benefit from the innovation, and have great flexibility to customize Android to differentiate their
product lines. Handset manufacturers also benefit from lower software costs and faster time-to-
market for handsets. Finally, and consistent with the mission of the Open Handset Alliance, all
of the benefits to developers, manufacturers, and mobile operators are passed on to consumers
who receive more innovative and cost-effective mobile devices and services, and a rich portfolio
of applications, that more rapidly respond to their needs and demands.
We'll work on getting you a full text asap. This is sizzling stuff. But there's another defense I can't resist sharing with you before I go to work on that, the full text of the misuse defense:
Sixth Defense – Misuse
12. Oracle's claims against Google for alleged infringement of the Patents-in-Suit are
barred by the doctrine of misuse because, as is explained more fully in Google’s counterclaims
below, upon information and belief, Oracle and its predecessor Sun have attempted to
impermissibly expand the scope of the Patents-in-Suit by requiring licensees to license items not
covered by Oracle’s alleged intellectual property in order to receive a license to Oracle’s alleged
intellectual property.
Wouldn't it be ironic if Oracle's patents ended up on the junk heap? Clearly that is Google's intention. I've been hoping for a settlement of this mess from day one. I smell that it is now a real possibility. You can take this amended answer two ways -- that it's Google angling for a better settlement or that it's Google looking to win the whole enchilada and free up Java for everyone. That last is why I think Oracle might consider settling. If it started all this because of drooling over money from big, rich Google -- a common affliction, I've noticed -- then realizing it might have to sue the Open Handset Alliance or one of its members or even some individual programmer out there somewhere, well, it's not as appealing a thought. Litigation is about money, and if there's no deep pockets worth suing, and no easy payday, and a big risk, then there you are. Is it worth risking the patents? The damage is already out there, though. The whole world knows that Google believes these patents Oracle is licensing to everybody are junk. Now that I think of it, that'd be a good reason for Oracle to go forward, if it has confidence in its position. But here's the bottom line for those of us who don't care about money: post-Bilski, it's not so easy to run people over with software patents anymore. And that's a good thing.
Update 2:
There is also a tentative case management statement by the parties, which explains the issues in dispute:
11/11/2010 - 53 - CASE MANAGEMENT STATEMENT filed by Google Inc., Oracle America, Inc.. (Ballinger, Richard) (Filed on 11/11/2010) (Entered: 11/11/2010)
The statement also says discovery won't start until December 2, following the case management conference with the judge. Also, the parties respond to the judge's Tentative Case Management Order [PDF], their response attached to the Statement as Exhibit A, requesting this change, as well as changes on various deadlines: 4
The parties respectfully request that Paragraph 23(a) be modified to permit up to a total of
15 30(b)(6) subject matters from each party. Good cause exists for this requested change because
the number of claims, counterclaims, and affirmative defenses likely implicates an unusually
large number of factual issues relating to the Android and Java platforms. The parties have agreed to trying mediation, but the trial is now scheduled for October 31, 2011. I wouldn't buy any plane tickets just yet, though. Tentative schedules hardly ever stand.
Update: Here is Google's answer to the amended complaint as text:
****************************
DONALD F. ZIMMER, JR. (SBN 112279)
[email]
CHERYL A. SABNIS (SBN 224323)
[email]
KING & SPALDING LLP
[address, telephone, fax]
SCOTT T. WEINGAERTNER (Pro Hac Vice)
[email]
ROBERT F. PERRY [email]
BRUCE W. BABER (Pro Hac Vice)
[email]
KING & SPALDING LLP
[address, phone, fax]
Attorneys for Defendant
GOOGLE INC.
______________________
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION
_____________________
ORACLE AMERICA, INC.
Plaintiff,
v.
GOOGLE INC.
Defendant.
_______________________________
Case No. 3:10-cv-03561-WHA
Honorable Judge William H. Alsup
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO
PLAINTIFF'S AMENDED COMPLAINT
FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT
INFRINGEMENT AND AMENDED
COUNTERCLAIMS
JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
_____________________________
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR
PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND AMENDED COUNTERCLAIMS
Defendant Google Inc. ("Google") answers the "Amended Complaint For Patent And
Copyright Infringement" (the "Amended Complaint") filed on October 27, 2010 by plaintiff
Oracle America, Inc. ("Oracle") as follows:
The Parties
1. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the
truth of the allegations of paragraph 1, and therefore denies them.
2. Google admits that it is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of
Delaware with a principal place of business at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View,
California 94043. Google admits that it does business in the Northern District of California.
Google denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 2.
Jurisdiction and Venue
3. Google admits that this action purports to invoke the patent and copyright laws of
the United States, Titles 35 and 17, United States Code. Google admits that 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331
and 1338(a) confer jurisdiction as to claims arising under the patent laws and claims arising
under the laws of the United States upon this Court. Google denies any remaining allegations of
paragraph 3.
4. Google admits that venue is proper in the Northern District of California. Google
denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 4.
5. Google admits that this Court has personal jurisdiction over it. Google admits
that it has conducted and does conduct business within the State of California and within the
Northern District of California. Google denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 5.
6. Google admits that it, directly or through intermediaries, makes, distributes, offers
for sale or license, sells or licenses, and/or advertises its products and services in the United
States, in the State of California, and the Northern District of California. Google denies any
remaining allegations of paragraph 6.
1
Intradistrict Assignment
7. Google admits the allegations of paragraph 7.
Background
8. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the
truth of the allegations of paragraph 8, and therefore denies them.
9. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the
truth of the allegations of paragraph 9, and therefore denies them.
10. Google admits that what appear to be copies of U.S. patents numbers 6,125,447,
6,192,476, 5,966,702, 7,426,720, RE38,104, 6,910,205 and 6,061,520 are attached to Oracle's
Amended Complaint as exhibits A through G. Google is without knowledge or information
sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of paragraph 10, and
therefore denies them.
11. Google admits that what appear to be copies of certificates of registration
numbers TX 6-196-514, TX 6-066-538 and TX 6-143-306 issued by the U.S. Copyright Office
(the "Asserted Copyrights") are attached to Oracle's Amended Complaint as exhibit H. Google
is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining
allegations of paragraph 11, and therefore denies them.
12. Google admits that the Android Platform is an open-source software stack for
mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and applications, and that a
feature of Android is the Dalvik virtual machine ("VM"), which executes files in the Dalvik
Executable (.dex) format, and can run classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have
been converted into the .dex format by the "dx" tool included with Android. Google admits that
the Open Handset Alliance, a group of 78 technology and mobile companies that includes
Google, makes the information and source code for Android, including the Dalvik VM and the
Android software development kit ("SDK"), openly and freely available for download at
http://source.android.com and http://developer.android.com. Google denies any remaining
allegations of paragraph 12.
2
13. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 13, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the patents
identified in paragraph 13.
14. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 14.
15. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 15, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of any patents
asserted in this action by Oracle.
Count I
(Alleged Infringement of the `447 Patent)
16. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 16 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
17. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,125,447 ("the `447 patent"), on its face, is
entitled "Protection Domains To Provide Security In A Computer System" and bears an issuance
date of September 26, 2000. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `447
patent was attached to Oracle's Amended Complaint as Exhibit A. Google is without knowledge
or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph
17, and therefore denies them.
18. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 18, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `447 patent.
Count II
(Alleged Infringement of the `476 Patent)
19. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 19 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
20. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,192,476 ("the `476 patent"), on its face, is
entitled "Controlling Access To A Resource." Google denies that the `476 patent bears an
issuance date of February 20, 2000, and states that the `476 patent bears an issuance date of
February 20, 2001. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `476 patent was
3
attached to Oracle's Amended Complaint as Exhibit B. Google is without knowledge or
information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph
20, and therefore denies them.
21. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 21, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `476 patent.
Count III
(Alleged Infringement of the `702 Patent)
22. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 22 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
23. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 5,966,702 ("the `702 patent"), on its face, is
entitled "Method And Apparatus For Preprocessing And Packaging Class Files" and bears an
issuance date of October 12, 1999. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the
`702 patent was attached to Oracle's Amended Complaint as Exhibit C. Google is without
knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations
of paragraph 23, and therefore denies them.
24. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 24, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `702 patent.
Count IV
(Alleged Infringement of the `720 Patent)
25. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 25 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
26. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 7,426,720 ("the `720 patent"), on its face, is
entitled "System And Method For Dynamic Preloading Of Classes Through Memory Space
Cloning Of A Master Runtime Process" and bears an issuance date of September 16, 2008.
Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `720 patent was attached to Oracle's
Amended Complaint as Exhibit D. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to
form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 26, and therefore denies
4
them.
27. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 27, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `720 patent.
Count V
(Alleged Infringement of the `104 Reissue Patent)
28. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 28 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
29. Google denies that U.S. Patent No. RE38,104 ("the `104 reissue patent") is
entitled "Method And Apparatus For Resolving Data References In Generate Code." Google
admits that the `104 reissue patent, on its face, is entitled "Method And Apparatus For Resolving
Data References In Generated Code" and bears an issuance date of April 29, 2003. Google
further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `104 reissue patent was attached to Oracle's
Amended Complaint as Exhibit E. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to
form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 29, and therefore denies
them.
30. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 30, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `104 reissue
patent.
Count VI
(Alleged Infringement of the `205 Patent)
31. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 31 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
32. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,910,205 ("the `205 patent"), on its face, is
entitled "Interpreting Functions Utilizing A Hybrid Of Virtual And Native Machine Instructions"
and bears an issuance date of June 21, 2005. Google further admits that what appears to be a
copy of the `205 patent was attached to Oracle's Amended Complaint as Exhibit F. Google is
without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining
5
allegations of paragraph 32, and therefore denies them.
33. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 33, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `205 patent.
Count VII
(Alleged Infringement of the `520 Patent)
34. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 34 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
35. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,061,520 ("the `520 patent"), on its face, is
entitled "Method And System For Performing Static Initialization" and bears an issuance date of
May 9, 2000. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `520 patent was
attached to Oracle's Amended Complaint as Exhibit G. Google is without knowledge or
information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph
35, and therefore denies them.
36. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 36, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `520 patent.
Count VIII
(Alleged Copyright Infringement)
37. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1
though 15 above as its response to paragraph 37 of Oracle's Amended Complaint.
38. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the
truth of the allegations of paragraph 38, and therefore denies them.
39. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 39, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
copyright rights of Oracle.
40. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 40, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
6
copyright rights of Oracle. Google further denies that the document attached to Oracle's
Amended Complaint as Exhibit J contains a true and correct copy of a class file from either
Android or "Oracle America's Java." Google states further that Oracle has redacted or deleted
from the materials shown in Exhibit J both expressive material and copyright headers that appear
in the actual materials, which are significant elements and features of the files in question.
41. Google admits that Google has made the Android Platform available to
companies interested in the mobile device market, including the members of the Open Handset
Alliance. Google denies the remaining allegations of paragraph 41, and specifically denies that
Google has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
copyright rights of Oracle.
42. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 42, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
copyright rights of Oracle.
43. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 43, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
copyright rights of Oracle.
44. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 44, and specifically denies that Google
has infringed or is liable for any infringement of any valid and enforceable copyrights or
copyright rights of Oracle.
45. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 45.
46. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 46.
47. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 47.
Prayer For Relief
These paragraphs set forth the statement of relief requested by Oracle to which no
response is required. Google denies that Oracle is entitled to any of the requested relief and
7
denies any allegations contained in the Prayer For Relief to which a response is required.
Jury Demand
Oracle's demand that all issues be determined by a jury trial does not state any allegation,
and Google is not required to respond. To the extent that any allegations are included in the
demand, Google denies these allegations.
Google denies each and every allegation of Oracle's Amended Complaint not specifically
admitted or otherwise responded to above. Google specifically denies that Google has infringed
or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable patents of Oracle. Google further
denies that Google has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable
copyrights or copyright rights of Oracle. Google further specifically denies that Oracle is
entitled to any relief whatsoever of any kind against Google as a result of any act of Google or
any person or entity acting on behalf of Google.
Defenses
First Defense -- No Patent Infringement
1. Google does not infringe, has not infringed (directly, contributorily, or by
inducement) and is not liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of U.S.
Reissue Patent No. RE38,104 ("the `104 reissue patent"), and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,966,702 ("the
`702 patent"), 6,061,520 ("the `520 patent"), 6,125,447 ("the `447 patent"), 6,192,476 ("the `476
patent"), 6,910,205 ("the `205 patent"), and 7,426,720 ("the `720 patent") (collectively "the
Patents-in-Suit").
2. No claim of the Patents-in-Suit can be properly construed to cover any of
Google's products.
Second Defense -- Patent Invalidity
3. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is invalid under 35 U.S.C. § 101 because one or more
claims are directed to abstract ideas or other non-statutory subject matter.
8
4. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention.
5. The `104 reissue patent is invalid under 35 U.S.C. §§ 251 and 252 on the grounds
that the reissue patent enlarged the scope of one or more claims of the original patent more than
two years from the grant of the original patent.
Third Defense -- Patent Unenforceability (Waiver, Estoppel, Laches)
6. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is unenforceable because, as is explained more fully in
Google's counterclaims below, Oracle's delay in bringing suit was unreasonable and
inexcusable, and Google has suffered material prejudice due to the delay.
7. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is unenforceable because, as is explained more fully in
Google's counterclaims below, upon information and belief, the statements and actions of Oracle
and its predecessor Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Sun") were such that it was reasonable to infer that
Oracle did not intend to enforce its patents, Google relied on the misleading conduct, and Google
will be materially prejudiced if Oracle is allowed to proceed with its claim.
8. Each of the Patents-in-Suit is unenforceable because, as is explained more fully in
Google's counterclaims below, upon information and belief, Oracle knowingly waived any right
it may have to enforce the Patents-in-Suit.
9. The `104 reissue patent is unenforceable because the applicant exercised
unreasonable delay and neglect in bringing forward claims that were broader than those in the
original application by waiting over four years to file a broadening reissue and prosecuting the
reissue application for almost nine years after the original patent issued.
Fourth Defense -- Substantial Non-Infringing Uses (Patent)
10. Any and all products or actions accused of infringement have substantial uses that
do not infringe and do not induce or contribute to the alleged infringement of the asserted claims
of the Patents-in-Suit.
9
Fifth Defense -- Limitation On Patent Damages
11. Oracle's claim for damages, if any, against Google for alleged infringement of the
Patents-in-Suit are limited by 35 U.S.C. §§ 286, 287 and 288.
Sixth Defense -- Misuse
12. Oracle's claims against Google for alleged infringement of the Patents-in-Suit are
barred by the doctrine of misuse because, as is explained more fully in Google's counterclaims
below, upon information and belief, Oracle and its predecessor Sun have attempted to
impermissibly expand the scope of the Patents-in-Suit by requiring licensees to license items not
covered by Oracle's alleged intellectual property in order to receive a license to Oracle's alleged
intellectual property.
Seventh Defense -- Exceptional Case
13. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285, and accordingly, Google is
entitled to its attorneys' fees incurred in defending against Counts I through VII of Oracle's
Amended Complaint.
Eighth Defense -- Use By The United States
14. Oracle's claims for relief against Google are barred by 35 U.S.C. § 1498 in that,
upon information and belief, the accused subject matter is used or manufactured by or for the
United States, including but not limited to the Department of Defense.
Ninth Defense -- No Copyright Infringement
15. Google has not infringed, does not infringe (either directly or indirectly), and is
not liable for infringement of any valid copyright or copyright rights of Oracle, including,
without limitation, any copyright rights in the works that are the subject of the Asserted
Copyrights.
Tenth Defense -- Elements Not Protected by Copyright
16. Oracle's copyright claims are barred to the extent that Oracle claims rights to
elements of Oracle software or other works that are functional, are not original, or are otherwise
not protectable by copyright and/or are not protected by the Asserted Copyrights.
10
Eleventh Defense -- Copyright Unenforceability (Waiver, Estoppel, Laches)
17. Oracle's Asserted Copyrights are unenforceable because, as is explained more
fully in Google's counterclaims below, Oracle's delay in bringing the suit was unreasonable and
inexcusable, and Google suffered material prejudice due to the delay.
18. Oracle's Asserted Copyrights are unenforceable because, as is explained more
fully in Google's counterclaims below, upon information and belief, Oracle's and Sun's
statements and actions were such that it was reasonable to infer that Oracle did not intend to
enforce its copyrights, Google relied on the misleading conduct, and Google will be materially
prejudiced if Oracle is allowed to proceed with its claim.
19. Oracle's Asserted Copyrights are unenforceable because, as is explained more
fully in Google's counterclaims below, upon information and belief, Oracle knowingly waived
any right it may have to enforce its Asserted Copyrights.
Twelfth Defense -- Fair Use
20. Oracle's claims for copyright infringement are barred by the doctrine of fair use
pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 107 in view of the nature of the works asserted by Oracle and covered by
the Asserted Copyrights, the amount (if any) and substantiality of the portions of such works
used by Google in relation to the works as a whole, the purpose and character of any use thereof
made by Google, and the effect, if any, of such use on the potential market for the works.
Thirteenth Defense -- De Minimis Copying
21. Oracle's claims for copyright infringement are barred by the doctrine of de
minimis copying, as any protectable portions of the works that are the subject of the Asserted
Copyrights used by Google have been de minimis.
Fourteenth Defense -- No Intent to Induce Copyright Infringement
22. Google has not engaged in purposeful, culpable expression or conduct designed or
intended to result in others infringing Oracle's Asserted Copyrights and thus is not liable under
Oracle's inducement claims.
11
Fifteenth Defense -- Independent Creation
23. The Android Platform, including the Android operating system, the Android
Software Development Kit and the Dalvik Virtual Machine, was created independently and
without reference to any works protected by the Asserted Copyrights.
Sixteenth Defense -- Third Party Liability
24. Any use in the Android Platform of any protected elements of the works that are
the subject of the Asserted Copyrights was made by third parties without the knowledge of
Google, and Google is not liable for such use.
Seventeenth Defense -- License
25. Upon information and belief, users of the Android Platform, including, without
limitation, manufacturers and software developers, are licensed to use the Patents-in-Suit and the
copyrights in the works that are the subject of the Asserted Copyrights.
Eighteenth Defense -- Implied License
26. Upon information and belief, as is explained more fully in Google's
counterclaims below, Oracle's and Sun's statements and actions were such that it was reasonable
to infer that users of the Android Platform, including, without limitation, manufacturers and
software developers, had permission to use the Patents-in-Suit and the Asserted Copyrights.
Nineteenth Defense -- Unclean Hands
27. Oracle's claims against Google are barred because, upon information and belief,
Oracle has come to the Court with unclean hands due to its practice of requiring licensees of its
purportedly open software to pay for licenses to items not covered by Oracle's alleged
intellectual property in order to receive a license under Oracle's alleged intellectual property.
Twentieth Defense -- No Injunctive Relief
28. Oracle has not suffered any irreparable injury, Oracle has an adequate remedy at
law, and injunctive relief would be contrary to the public interest, and Oracle is not entitled to
injunctive relief.
12
AMENDED COUNTERCLAIMS
As and for its amended counterclaims against plaintiff Oracle America, Inc., Google
respectfully shows as follows:
The Parties
1. Google Inc. ("Google") is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of
the State of Delaware, with its principal place of business at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway,
Mountain View, California 94043.
2. Upon information and belief, Oracle America, Inc. ("Oracle") is a corporation
organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal place of
business at 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, California 94065. Upon information and belief,
Oracle is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle Corporation ("Oracle Corp."), a corporation
organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal place of
business at 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, California 94065.
Jurisdiction and Venue
3. Subject to Google's defenses and denials, Google alleges that this Court has
jurisdiction over the subject matter of these Counterclaims under, without limitation, 28 U.S.C.
§§ 1331, 1338(a), 1367, 2201, and 2202, and venue for these Counterclaims is proper in this
district.
4. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Oracle.
Factual Background
A. The Java Platform and Programming Language
1. Upon information and belief, the Java programming language and the Java
platform a software platform that includes a runtime environment that enables programs
written in the Java programming language to execute were developed by Sun Microsystems,
Inc. ("Sun") in the mid-1990s. While they are distinct elements, the term "Java" is commonly
used to refer to the programming language, the runtime environment, as well as the platform.
13
2. The Java programming language was designed to use a syntax that was similar to
well-known, existing object-oriented languages at the time, such as C++. Instead of compiling
programs into machine-executable code that could only be run on a particular computer system,
the Java platform implemented a well-known technique wherein programs written in the Java
programming language were compiled into intermediate instructions called "bytecode" that
could only be executed on a computer that implements a Java "virtual machine." The virtual
machine, typically a program, receives the bytecode and can convert it into instructions
appropriate for the particular computer upon which the virtual machine was running, and then
execute those instructions on that computer. So long as there is a Java virtual machine available
for a given computer system, any program compiled from the Java programming language into
Java bytecode could theoretically run on the Java virtual machine for that computer. Sun's Java
virtual machines implement a stack-oriented architecture, where data and parameters are loaded
onto data structures in the computer's memory called "stacks," and instructions are then executed
using the data and parameters from the stack.
3. Upon information and belief, the Java platform comprises many different
components, including utilities to assist with the development of source code written in the Java
programming language, a Java compiler that converts Java programming language statements to
Java bytecode, a Java runtime environment consisting of Java virtual machines written to operate
on a number of different computer platforms and a set of standard class libraries that can be
accessed and reused by Java platform applications to perform common software functions, such
as writing to files or sorting data.
4. Upon information and belief, Sun developed and distributed the Java Standard
Edition ("Java SE"), along with other editions of the Java platform. Each of these editions of the
Java platform contain a development environment, a Java compiler, Java virtual machine, a set
of standard class libraries, and documentation files describing the functionality and operation of
the specific Java platform edition. Though there are many similarities between each of these
editions, one of the significant differences is that each edition provides a different set of standard
14
class libraries based on the types of applications and environment at which each edition is
targeted.
5. Upon information and belief, in response to the urging of open-source advocates
and in the hopes of increasing the number of Java users, Sun officially announced that Java
would become open-source. In 2006 and 2007, Sun released some but not all of the source code
for Java SE (as well as the other editions of the Java Platform) under the terms of the GNU
Public License, version 2 ("GPLv2") open source license. This open-source aspect of Java
contributed to its widespread acceptance among software developers.
6. Upon information and belief, Sun also released the specifications for Sun's Java
platform, including Sun's Java virtual machine, under a free-of-charge license that can be found
at http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/jcopyright.html
and
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/html/Copyright.doc.html, respectively. The
license allows developers to create "clean room" implementations of Sun's Java specifications.
If those implementations demonstrate compatibility with the Java specification, then Sun would
provide a license for any of its intellectual property needed to practice the specification,
including patent rights and copyrights. One example of a "clean room" implementation of Sun's
Java is Apache Harmony, developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The only way to
demonstrate compatibility with the Java specification is by meeting all of the requirements of
Sun's Technology Compatibility Kit ("TCK") for a particular edition of Sun's Java.
Importantly, however, TCKs were only available from Sun, initially were not available as open
source, were provided solely at Sun's discretion, and included several restrictions, such as
additional licensing terms and fees. In essence, although developers were free to develop a
competing Java virtual machine, they could not openly obtain an important component needed to
freely benefit from Sun's purported open-sourcing of Java.
7. Sun came under significant criticism from members of the open source
community, including Oracle Corp., for its refusal to fully open source Java. For example, in
August of 2006, the Apache Software Foundation ("ASF"), a not-for-profit corporation that
15
provides organizational, legal, and financial support for open source software projects, attempted
to obtain a TCK from Sun to verify Apache Harmony's compatibility with Java. Although Sun
eventually offered to open source the TCK for Java SE, Sun included field of use ("FOU")
restrictions that limited the circumstances under which Apache Harmony users could use the
software that the ASF created, such as preventing the TCK from being executed on mobile
devices. In April of 2007, the ASF wrote an open letter to Sun asking for either a TCK license
without FOU restrictions, or an explanation as to why Sun was "protect[ing] portions of Sun's
commercial Java business at the expense of ASF's open software" and violating "Sun's public
promise that any Sun-led specification [such as Java] would be fully implementable and
distributable as open source/free software." However, Sun continued to refuse the ASF's
requests.
8. Oracle Corp., as a member (along with Google and ASF) of the Executive
Committee ("EC") of the Java Community Process ("JCP"), the organization tasked with
managing Java standards, voiced the same concerns regarding Sun's refusal to fully open source
the Java platform. Later that year, in December of 2007, during a JCP EC meeting, Oracle Corp.
proposed that the JCP should provide "a new, simplified IPR [intellectual property rights] Policy
that permits the broadest number of implementations." At that same meeting, BEA Systems
which at the time was in negotiations that resulted in Oracle Corp. purchasing BEA proposed a
resolution that TCK licenses would be "offered without field of use restrictions . . . enabling the
TCK to be used by organizations including Apache." Oracle Corp. voted in favor of the
resolution.
9. Just over a year later, in February of 2009, Oracle Corp. reiterated its position on
the open-source community's expectation of a fully open Java platform when it supported a
motion that "TCK licenses must not be used to discriminate against or restrict compatible
implementations of Java specifications by including field of use restrictions on the tested
implementations or otherwise. Licenses containing such limitations do not meet the
requirements of the JSPA, the agreement under which the JCP operates, and violate the
16
expectations of the Java community that JCP specs can be openly implemented."
10. Only two months later, in April of 2009, Oracle Corp. announced that it would be
acquiring Sun (renamed Oracle America after the acquisition was completed in January of 2010).
Since that time, and directly contrary to Oracle Corp.'s public actions and statements, as well as
its own proposals as an executive member of the JCP, Oracle Corp. and Sun (now Oracle
America) have ignored the open source community's requests to fully open-source the Java
platform.
B. The Open Handset Alliance and Development of the Android Platform
11. The Android Platform ("Android") is a freely-distributed, open-source software
stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key mobile
applications. Android was released in 2007 by a group of seventy-eight technology and mobile
companies known as the Open Handset Alliance ("OHA") who have come together to accelerate
innovation in mobile devices and offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile
experience. The members of the OHA, which include Google, mobile operators, handset
manufacturers, semiconductor companies, software companies and commercialization
companies, are each strongly committed to greater openness in the mobile ecosystem.
12. The OHA believes that an open platform a platform that provides equal access
to any who would choose to develop software for the platform is essential to allow wireless
carriers, handset manufacturers, software developers and others to more rapidly bring innovative
ideas to the marketplace and to better respond to consumers' demands. An open platform also
ensures that there is no threat of a central point of failure, so that no single industry player can
restrict or control the innovations of any other. The objective of Android is an open and shared
product that each contributor can freely tailor and customize. The members of the OHA,
including Google, have invested heavily in Android by contributing significant intellectual
property as well as economic and engineering resources to the development and maintenance of
Android.
17
13. The Android platform includes, among other things, the Android Software
Development Kit ("SDK") and the Dalvik Virtual Machine ("VM"). The Dalvik VM relies on a
version of the Linux kernel for core system services such as security, memory management,
process management, network stack, and driver model, and as an abstraction layer between the
hardware and the rest of the software stack. The core class libraries of the Dalvik VM
incorporate a subset of Apache Harmony, a clean room, open source implementation of Java
from the Apache Software Foundation. Other than the Harmony libraries, the Android platform
including, without limitation, the Dalvik VM was independently developed by the OHA.
14. The Android Open Source Project ("AOSP") is tasked with the maintenance and
further development of Android, including incorporating code and submissions from the
community of developers who contribute to Android and the tens of thousands of developers
who create applications for Android. The goal of the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is to
ensure that the open-source Android software is implemented as widely and consistently as
possible, to the benefit of the developer and user communities, and others involved in Android.
Google, along with several corporate partners and volunteer technology enthusiasts, contributes
resources, including engineers and financial support, to the AOSP.
15. The information and source code for the Android Platform is openly and freely
available for developers, manufacturers, or any member of the general public to download at
http://source.android.com and http://developer.android.com. The majority of the Android
software is made available under the permissive open source license terms of the Apache
Software License, 2.0 ("Apache 2.0"). Certain aspects of Android, such as the Linux kernel
patches, are made available under the GPLv2 license.
16. Developers are free to modify the source code of the Android platform to fit their
particular purpose. Android's permissive open-source license allows a developer to adopt the
Android platform and freely build software and enhancements on top of the platform, while
maintaining the flexibility to release the software and enhancements to the public under either an
open source license, or alternatively under a commercial license, which would protect the
18
developer's proprietary investment in Android.
17. Google does not receive any payment, fee, royalty, or other remuneration for its
contributions to the Android Platform.
C. Android and the Java Programming Language
18. Developers for Android can create software applications for Android-based
mobile devices using various programming languages, including the Java programming
language. For use on the Android platform, these software applications are converted into a set
of intermediate instructions i.e., Dalvik "bytecode," typically stored in files in the Dalvik
Executable (.dex) format with the "dx" tool included with the Android platform. These .dex
files can be executed on any mobile device with a Dalvik VM. The Dalvik VM implements a
register-based architecture (distinct from a stack-oriented architecture), where data and
parameters are loaded directly into virtual machine registers. The Dalvik VM and .dex format
are optimized for battery-powered mobile devices that are more limited in terms of computing
and memory resources than desktop computers.
19. Although software applications for the Android platform may be written in the
Java programming language, the Dalvik bytecode is distinct and different from Java bytecode.
The Dalvik VM is not a Java VM.
20. The Android Platform has been a success in the mobile handset industry.
Although Android was a latecomer to the smartphone market first becoming generally
available in late 2008 there are currently approximately ninety different Android-based mobile
devices made by over twenty different manufacturers available for purchase in dozens of
countries. Indeed, approximately 200,000 Android-based handsets are activated every day on
over fifty different wireless carriers. Android Market a store where developers can sell
applications ("apps") that they create for Android-based devices has over 80,000 apps available
for download.
21. Android's popularity has proven to be a catalyst for the Java open source
community and the increased use of the Java programming language. Indeed, when Android was
19
first released in November of 2007, Sun CEO Jonathan Schwartz confirmed this fact,
congratulating Android and stating that "needless to say, Google and the Open Handset Alliance
just strapped another set of rockets to the community's momentum and to the vision defining
opportunity across our (and other) planets."
22. The success of the Android platform is due in large part to its open nature, which
benefits the entire open source community of consumers, developers, manufacturers, and mobile
operators. Android's permissive open source license allows developers and manufacturers to
innovate rapidly under their own terms while simultaneously protecting their proprietary
intellectual property, if so desired. Because Android provides open and comprehensive access to
handset capabilities and developer tools, developers experience increased productivity and are
better able to optimize their Android applications. Mobile operators and handset manufacturers
benefit from the innovation, and have great flexibility to customize Android to differentiate their
product lines. Handset manufacturers also benefit from lower software costs and faster time-to-
market for handsets. Finally, and consistent with the mission of the Open Handset Alliance, all
of the benefits to developers, manufacturers, and mobile operators are passed on to consumers
who receive more innovative and cost-effective mobile devices and services, and a rich portfolio
of applications, that more rapidly respond to their needs and demands.
E. Oracle's Amended Complaint
23. In its Amended Complaint, Oracle asserts that Google, by way of the Android
Platform and certain of its components, infringes U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE38,104 ("the `104
reissue patent"), and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,966,702 ("the `702 patent"), 6,061,520 ("the `520
patent"), 6,125,447 ("the `447 patent"), 6,192,476 ("the `476 patent"), 6,910,205 ("the `205
patent"), and 7,426,720 ("the `720 patent") (collectively "the Patents-in-Suit"). Oracle also
asserts that Google infringes and induces Android users and developers to infringe the copyrights
in the works that are the subject of the copyright registrations that are attached to Oracle's
Amended Complaint as Exhibit H (the "Asserted Copyrights").
20
24. Google does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the Patents-in-Suit,
either directly or indirectly, and does not infringe any valid copyright rights of Oracle, either
directly or indirectly.
25. Consequently, there is an actual case and controversy between the parties over the
patents-in-suit.
COUNT ONE
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE 38,104
26. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-25 of
its Counterclaims.
27. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`104 reissue patent is infringed by Google.
28. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `104 reissue patent.
29. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
15 and enforceable claim of the `104 reissue patent.
30. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT TWO
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE 38,104
31. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-30
of its Counterclaims.
32. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`104 reissue patent is invalid.
33. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `104 reissue patent is invalid.
34. The `104 reissue patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
21
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`104 reissue patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
35. The `104 reissue patent is invalid under 35 U.S.C. §§ 251 and 252 on the grounds
that the reissue patent enlarged the scope of one or more claims of the original patent more than
two years from the grant of the original patent.
36. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT THREE
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 5,966,702
37. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-36 of
its Counterclaims.
38. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`702 patent is infringed by Google.
39. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `702 patent.
40. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
and enforceable claim of the `702 patent.
41. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT FOUR
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 5,966,702
42. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 141
of its Counterclaims.
43. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`702 patent is invalid.
22
44. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `702 patent is invalid.
45. The `702 patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`702 patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
46. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT FIVE
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,061,520
47. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-46 of
its Counterclaims.
48. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`520 patent is infringed by Google.
49. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `520 patent.
50. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
and enforceable claim of the `520 patent.
51. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT SIX
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,061,520
52. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 151
of its Counterclaims.
53. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`520 patent is invalid.
23
54. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `520 patent is invalid.
55. The `520 patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`520 patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
56. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT SEVEN
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,125,447
57. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-56 of
its Counterclaims.
58. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`447 patent is infringed by Google.
59. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `447 patent.
60. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
and enforceable claim of the `447 patent.
61. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT EIGHT
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,125,447
62. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 161
of its Counterclaims.
63. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`447 patent is invalid.
24
64. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `447 patent is invalid.
65. The `447 patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`447 patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
66. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT NINE
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,192,476
67. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-66 of
its Counterclaims.
68. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`476 patent is infringed by Google.
69. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `476 patent.
70. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
and enforceable claim of the `476 patent.
71. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT TEN
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,192,476
72. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 171
of its Counterclaims.
73. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`476 patent is invalid.
25
74. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `476 patent is invalid.
75. The `476 patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`476 patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
76. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT ELEVEN
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,910,205
77. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-76 of
its Counterclaims.
78. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`205 patent is infringed by Google.
79. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `205 patent.
80. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
and enforceable claim of the `205 patent.
81. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT TWELVE
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,910,205
82. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 181
of its Counterclaims.
83. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`205 patent is invalid.
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84. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `205 patent is invalid.
85. The `205 patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`205 patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
86. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT THIRTEEN
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,426,720
87. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-86 of
its Counterclaims.
88. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`720 patent is infringed by Google.
89. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the `720 patent.
90. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid
and enforceable claim of the `720 patent.
91. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT FOURTEEN
Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 7,426,720
92. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 191
of its Counterclaims.
93. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
`720 patent is invalid.
27
94. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights as to whether the `720 patent is invalid.
95. The `720 patent is invalid because it fails to meet the "conditions for
patentability" of 35 USC §§ 101, 102, 103, and/or 112 because the alleged invention thereof
lacks utility; is taught by, suggested by, and/or, obvious in view of, the prior art; and/or is not
adequately supported by the written description of the patented invention, and no claim of the
`720 patent can be properly construed to cover any of Google's products.
96. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its
Amended Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.
COUNT FIFTEEN
Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of the Asserted Copyrights
97. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-96 of
its Counterclaims.
98. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the
Asserted Copyrights are infringed by Google.
99. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain
its rights regarding the Asserted Copyrights.
100. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, the Asserted
Copyrights.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
WHEREFORE, having fully responded to Oracle's Amended Complaint and asserted its
Amended Counterclaims against Oracle, Google prays for judgment as follows:
a. A judgment dismissing Oracle's Amended Complaint against Google with
prejudice;
b. A judgment in favor of Google on all of its Counterclaims;
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c. A declaration that Google has not infringed, contributed to the infringement of, or
induced others to infringe, either directly or indirectly, any valid and enforceable
claims of the Patents-in-Suit;
d. A declaration that the Patents-in-Suit are invalid;
e. A declaration that Google has not infringed, either directly or indirectly, any of
the Asserted Copyrights;
f. A declaration that Oracle's claims are barred by the doctrines of laches, equitable
estoppel, and/or waiver;
g. A declaration that this case is exceptional and an award to Google of its
reasonable costs and expenses of litigation, including attorneys' fees and expert
witness fees; and
h. Such other and further relief as this Court may deem just and proper.
DATED: November 10, 2010
KING & SPALDING LLP
By:/s/ Donald F. Zimmer, Jr. /s/
SCOTT T. WEINGAERTNER (Pro Hac Vice)
[email]
ROBERT F. PERRY
[email]
BRUCE W. BABER (Pro Hac Vice) [email]
[address, phone, fax]
DONALD F. ZIMMER, JR. (SBN 112279)
[email]
CHERYL A. SABNIS (SBN 224323)
[email]
KING & SPALDING LLP [address, phone, fax]
ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT
GOOGLE INC.
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DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
In accordance with Rule 38 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Civil L.R. 3-6(a),
Google Inc. respectfully demands a jury trial of all issues triable to a jury in this action.
DATED: November 10, 2010
KING & SPALDING LLP
By: /s/ Donald F. Zimmer, Jr. /s/
SCOTT T. WEINGAERTNER (Pro Hac Vice) [email]
ROBERT F. PERRY [email]
BRUCE W. BABER (Pro Hac Vice)
[email] [address, phone, fax]
DONALD F. ZIMMER, JR. (SBN 112279) [email]
CHERYL A. SABNIS (SBN 224323)
[email]
King & Spaulding LLP
[address, phone, fax]
ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT
GOOGLE INC.
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