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The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
Friday, February 06 2004 @ 05:44 PM EST

Here is the copyright claim, with more of the complaint to follow. Note that the $5 billion claim rests in part on "willfulness" because IBM knew that SCO owns the copyrights and yet it continued to distribute AIX after SCO "terminated" their license.

This willfulness might be a tad hard to prove when Novell claims *they* own the copyrights, not SCO. Novell also wrote to SCO and said they had the contractual right to block any termination of AIX distribution, so although SCO is telling reporters that they have upped their demand to $5 billion, they neglect to mention that while you can ask for whatever you like, you can only get what you can prove you are entitled to, and willfulness seems very, very hard, nigh impossible, to prove in such a fact pattern as this. But hey, what do I know? Ask your lawyer. Naturally, the media is breathlessly reporting the $5 billion as if it were a real figure. They certainly make themselves look silly to anyone who understands this story.

Here is the section from the new SCO complaint regarding copyright infringement, which you will notice dates only from SCO's "termination" of IBM's license to distribute AIX, so if that "termination" wasn't valid, poof goes the claim presumably:

******************************************************************


FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(Copyright Infringement)

173. Plaintiff incorporates and re-alleges paragraphs No. 1-172, above.

174. As set forth above, SCO is the successor in interest to the IBM Related Agreements and the Sequent Agreements.

175. Despite termination of such Agreements, IBM has continued to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, and distribute UNIX software, source code, object code, programming tools, and documentation related to UNIX operating system technology, and has induced others to do the same.

176. SCO is the owner of copyright rights to UNIX software, source code, object code, programming tools, documentation related to UNIX operating system technology, and derivative works thereof. These materials are covered by numerous copyright registrations issued by the United States Copyright Office (the "Copyrighted Programs"). These registrations have been obtained by SCO and its predecessors in interest and are owned by SCO. For example, included among such registrations (attached as Exhibits H to U) are the following:

Title Registration Number Registration Date
H - UNIX Operating System Edition TXU-510-028 March 25, 1992
5 and Instruction Manual

I - UNIX Operating System Edition TXu-511-236 April 7, 1992
6 and Instruction Manual

J - UNIX Operating System Edition TXu-516-704 May 15, 1992
32V and Instruction Manual

K - UNIX Operating System Edition TXu-516-705 May 15, 1992
7 and Instruction Manual

L - Operating System Utility Program TXu-301-868 November 25, 1987

M - UNIXWARE 7.1.3 TX 5-787-679 June 11, 2003

N - UNIX System V Release 3.0 TX 5-750-270 July 7, 2003

O - UNIX System V Release 3.1 TX 5-750-269 July 7, 2003

P - UNIX System V Release 3.2 TX 5-750-271 July 7, 2003

Q - UNIX System V Release 4.0 TX 5-776-217 July 16, 2003

R - UNIX System V Release 4.1ES TX 5-705-356 June 30, 2003

S - UNIX System V Release 4.2 TX 5-762-235 July 3, 2003

T - UNIX System V Release 4.1 TX 5-762-234 July 3, 2003

U - UNIX System V Release 3.2 TX 5-750-268 July 9, 2003

177. SCO and its predecessors in interest created the Copyrighted Programs as original works of authorship, and, as such, the Copyrighted Programs constitute copyrightable subject matter under the copyright laws of the United States. The Copyrighted Programs were automatically subject to copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. Section 102(a) when such programs were fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. Section 106 extends to derivative works which are defined in 17 U.S.C. Section 101 to include works based on the original work or any other form in which the original work may be recast, transformed, modified or adapted.

178. Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 410(c), the certificates of copyright registrations for each Copyrighted Program constitute prima facie evidence of the validity of the copyrights and of the facts stated in the certificates. SCO and its predecessors' registered copyrights in the Copyrighted Programs are entitled to such statutory presumptions.

179. IBM's breaches of the IBM Related Agreements and the Sequent Agreements and its post-termination actions have infringed, have induced infringement of, and have contributed to the infringement of, copyright registrations of SCO and its predecessors. Such actions have been willful and have been done with knowledge of the copyright rights of SCO.

180. SCO has been damaged by IBM's conduct and has no adequate remedy at law. IBM's conduct has caused, and, if not enjoined, will continue to cause, irreparable harm to SCO. As a result of IBM's wrongful conduct, SCO is entitled to injunctive relief pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 502 and SCO's actual damages and IBM's profits as a result of the infringing acts pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 504(a), statutory damages to the extent applicable pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 504(b) and enhanced damages, together with attorneys' fees and costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 505.

  


The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is | 196 comments | Create New Account
Comments belong to whoever posts them. Please notify us of inappropriate comments.
The Copyright Claim
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 05:57 PM EST
The Copyrighted Programs were automatically subject to copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. Section 102(a) when such programs were fixed in a tangible medium of expression.

Isn't that the Berne convention, and wasn't much of the Unix code written before the US adopted the Berne convention? (I.e. when a "©"statement was required)

[ Reply to This | # ]

No Novell?
Authored by: rsmith on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 05:58 PM EST
They don't mention that the copyrights are contested? Isn't that lying to the
court?

---
Never ascribe to malice that which is adequately explained by incompetence.

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 05:59 PM EST
So is Judge Welles basically going to go research what you do when the Plaintiff
requests to completely change the case?

Or will she basically say "we can throw
out the first suit and you can file a new suit, but first we'll tackle IBM's
suit"?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Woo-hoo
Authored by: Jude on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 05:59 PM EST
Isn't it rather naughty of SCO to claim ownership of those copyrights in an
official court document, when they know damn well the ownership is being
contested by Novell?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Asked before, but
Authored by: kjb on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:02 PM EST
does changing this to a copyright claim (SCO v IBM) put this case on hold until
SCO v Novell is resolved?

---
kjb

"No! Try not. Do, or do not. There is no try."
- Yoda

[ Reply to This | # ]

Dumb Question
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:05 PM EST
OK if this is a copyright claim now, can we all see the code?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Who-hoo too
Authored by: anwaya on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:06 PM EST
Isn't it rather naughty of SCO to claim their copyrights have been infringed on
the same day that they told the Court they had no evidence of this claim at all?

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim, is the derivative argument re-cast
Authored by: lightsail on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:08 PM EST
Read Carefully:

"Copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. Section 106 extends to derivative
works which are defined in 17 U.S.C. Section 101 to include works based on the
original work or any other form in which the original work may be recast,
transformed, modified or adapted."

TSG is now claiming "copyright infringment" by proxy.

Still no SysV code in Linux.

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim
Authored by: red_guy on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:08 PM EST
So the case is now about about IBM damaging SCO's business by not complying with
a measure that was imposed because IBM was damaging SCO business, as would be
proven in court?

This kind of bootstrap technique should show how SCO's claims are utterly
baseless.

In order to fight IBM over this violation of copyright, SCO will have to show
why IBM deserved to have its license revoked.

Regardless of the question [quoting Novell], if 'irrevocable' means
'irrevocable'.

This claim is a derived work from SCO vs IBM. It does not, cannot, hold its own.
Maybe IBM can use it to give the jury a clear example of the meaning of
"derived works".

Back to square 1... although the trade secrets claim is gone.

[ Reply to This | # ]

What happened
Authored by: RE on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:13 PM EST
When you look back you can see that SCO first terminates IBM license after 100
days, claiming nothing in specifity and allowing IBM to resolve the problems, if
there are any.

After the 100 day's (june 2003) it says IBM's license is terminated and does
nothing else.

Then in feb 2004 it claims damages due to copyright infringement because IBM is
still selinng it's AIX unix to customers.

These claims are baseless and will thrown out of court.

But it fits in the linux case, there they say, hey you stole our code, we don't
tell you what it is but you stole it and you should pay us damages.

Now SCO is known for it's allegations that it can't specify.

SCO will be known in history as the litigation company with no case (except an
expensive lawyer).

[ Reply to This | # ]

  • Re: What happened - Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 08:23 PM EST
Is this in the original?
Authored by: rand on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:14 PM EST
H - UNIX Operating System Edition TXU-510-028 March 25, 1992
5 and Instruction Manual

I - UNIX Operating System Edition TXu-511-236 April 7, 1992
6 and Instruction Manual

J - UNIX Operating System Edition TXu-516-704 May 15, 1992
32V and Instruction Manual

K - UNIX Operating System Edition TXu-516-705 May 15, 1992
7 and Instruction Manual

Is this a table in the original or did those morons the typist just copy the list verbatim from "Attachment E" or whatever it was on the APA?

IIRC, there was some confusion here at Groklaw about the formatting of those very items.

---
The Wright brothers were not the first to fly an aircraft...they were the first to LAND an aircraft. (IANAL and whatever)

[ Reply to This | # ]

Note well the dates
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:14 PM EST
All the UNIX OS versions are copyright June 30 through July 16, 2003. For
SVR3.0? Copyright 2003? What this really is, is "Oops, we didn't
copyright it, so now we will, and now you're infringing." IANAL, but I'm
not sure how well that's going to fly in court, even without Novell.<p>
Also, when exactly was the original lawsuit filed? Wasn't it March 2003? The
amended complaint says that IBM is infringing on a copyright that wasn't even
<i>filed</i> at the time of the original complaint? That doesn't
sound actionable...

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:15 PM EST
I read someplace where if it is copyright infringement you are claiming, you
must produce within 30 days where the copyright infringements are. You can't go
on fishing expeditions. Tactical blunder here?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Novell's contractural rights
Authored by: Kristoffer on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:18 PM EST
This is old news but Novell didn't actually just write "to SCO and said
they had the contractual right to block any termination of AIX
distribution".

The June 9 letter from Jack Messman to Darl McBride reads:

"Accordingly, pursuant to Section 4.16(b) of the Asset Purchase Agreement,
Novell hereby directs SCO to waive any purported right SCO may claim to
terminate IBM's SVRX License enumerated in Amendment X or to revoke any rights
thereunder, including any purported rights to terminate asserted in SCO's letter
of March 6, 2003 to IBM."

So both the question about copyright and about the right to terminate has to be
decided before SCO can claim anything.

./ Kristoffer

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:26 PM EST
In a Vegas casino...

sco: "ok, betting over - 500 million dollars"
ibm: "yep"
sco: "I've got great cards, I've won 2 billion!"
ibm: "The betting is over, no need to talk just show"
sco: "I'm so rich! 5 billion dollars!"
ibm: "your cards?"
sco smiling, starts talking to a cute lass..

dealer: "Is there a problem?"
ibm: "He won't show his cards..."
dealer: "Look, can you please show your cards?"
sco: "Can I have a couple of minutes?"
dealer: "And then you'll show your cards?"
sco: "Sure!"

2 minutes later...
dealer: "ok, time to show your cards"
sco: "actually, I'd like to swap my cards"
dealer: "huh?"
sco: "look, I've got a crap hand, so I want to swap the cards - if you
don't let me then he'll win!"
dealer: "you can't do that!"
sco: "how about we both pick 2 cards and treat it as blackjack?"
dealer to walkie-talkie: "security to table 5 please"

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
Authored by: sward on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:34 PM EST

Is it just me, or does SCOX keep reaching for bizarre new legal theories in place of more obvious targets? "Slander of title" instead of contract dispute in the Novell case ... "Copyright violation" instead of breach of contract in this latest twist in the IBM case? Why go for these claims, which seem to have tactical disadvantages (e.g. having to prove malice in the "slander of title" case, the need to specify the code in the copyright case), when contract law would work just as well (or poorly, in SCOX's case)?

Does anyone have a good theory (that does not involve tinfoil hats, black helicopters, or recreational halucinogens) for why they do this? What possible benefit do they derive from this strategy?

[ Reply to This | # ]

It doesn't make any sense even from SCO's point of view
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:46 PM EST
They seem to be saying by continuing to distribute AIX after purported
termination, IBM is infringing SCO's copyrights.

Now let's run thru the theory from SCO's point of view:

March 6 - SCO sends 100 day notice to IBM, saying we are going to terminate your
license for breach.

March-April-May - IBM asks what is the alleged breach? Even if our license is
revocable, which it is not -- you have to tell us the breach, and give us a
chance to cure it. That is simply good faith. So what is the breach? SCO says
see our complaint, it's about trade secrets.

June-Dec: IBM says please tell what specific trade secrets?

June-Dec: SCO says we're not telling. By the way you license is terminated for
breach of trade secrets on June 16th.

Dec-Feb: Court orders SCO to tell IBM what trade secrets are at issue. SCO
eventually says none. Not one trade secret

Feb 4th: SCO says, we terminated in June for trade secret breaches. We dropped
the trade secret breaches issue, there is none. But we think our termination
stands for IBM's now non-existent trade-secret breaches.

And by the way, we registered some copyrights relating to the material licensed
to IBM, and therefore we should get additional damages from IBM's breaches and
actions after we terminated for a non trade-secret reason.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Where did the $5 Billion come from?
Authored by: valdis on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:51 PM EST
180. SCO has been damaged by IBM's conduct and has no adequate remedy at law. IBM's conduct has caused, and, if not enjoined, will continue to cause, irreparable harm to SCO. As a result of IBM's wrongful conduct, SCO is entitled to injunctive relief pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 502 and SCO's actual damages and IBM's profits as a result of the infringing acts pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 504(a), statutory damages to the extent applicable pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 504(b) and enhanced damages, together with attorneys' fees and costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 505.
together with attorney's fees and costs.

Suddenly, all the delays make sense. "It's all about the billable hours".

[ Reply to This | # ]

ROFLMAO
Authored by: sward on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:51 PM EST

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 06:59 PM EST
Saw this on the Yahoo SCOX board. (walterbyrd)

1) scox drops their trade secret claim.
2) scox adds a copyright claim.
3) the copyright infrigement isn't about Linux, its about AIX being distributed
by IBM after SCO revoked their license.
4) but scox revoked IBM's license due to trade secret violation.
5) but. . . but . . see 1)

Is there something here that I am missing, as it seems to sum up the situation
to me.

[ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 07:18 PM EST
    When SCO asked for $3 billion, Brian Skiba of Deutsch Bank gave the price target
    of SCOX stock to be at $45. Now that SCO has asked for $5 billion, the target
    price should about $60 or more.

    Man! This lottery is getting bigger and bigger by the day. Brian! we need more
    guidance to buy stock.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    How your original code infringes my copyright by Darl
    Authored by: lightsail on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 07:27 PM EST
    You licensed the code from AT&T. We now claim that code as ours.

    You built an operation system based on AT&T code.

    That operating system contained some AT&T code, which makes the entire
    operating system a derivative of our operating system.

    You rebuilt and removed any AT&T code, but this new version is a derivative
    of the initial derivative operating system, which makes the entire new operating
    system a derivative of our operating system.

    You revised, improved and created new innovative processes and features that you
    added to the operating system that is a derivative of the derivative of our
    operating system, which makes those new processes and features our derivative
    works.

    You then created processes and features based on the processes and features that
    you added to the operating system that is a derivative of the derivative of our
    operating system. Those new processes and features were then licensed to Linux.
    Those new processes and features are derivatives of our operating system.

    Your original code infringes on my copyright,

    Ps.. Why does TSG want every version and all work in progress of AIX?

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    Going Bust at "Linux Lottery"
    Authored by: the_flatlander on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 07:30 PM EST
    180. SCO has been damaged by IBM's conduct and has no adequate remedy at law. IBM's conduct has caused, and, if not enjoined, will continue to cause, irreparable harm to SCO. As a result of IBM's wrongful conduct, SCO is entitled to injunctive relief pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 502 and SCO's actual damages and IBM's profits as a result of the infringing acts pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 504(a), statutory damages to the extent applicable pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 504(b) and enhanced damages, together with attorneys' fees and costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. Section 505.
    PJ pointed this out before, and I'm sorry if some one else has covered this already... but I cannot help myself.

    There is no adequate remedy at law... Are we done now? Do they have a moron typing this garbage up? You don't see garbage like that in IBM's filings. If there is no remedy then why are you wasting my time? They made the same stupid, amateurish mistake in their [stupid, amateurish] complaint against Novell.

    And who the heck is SCO? Do they mean Tarantella? Or do they mean the SCO Group, AKA the SCOundrels? Is it too much to ask that they figure out what company they really are?

    The Flatlander

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    Irrelevant. . .
    Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 08:01 PM EST
    Under the terms of the Novell, SCO Group agreement, Novell has the legal
    authority to 'forgive', if you will, any and all purported transgressions by a
    licensee (IBM).

    Novell did just that (see Novell and SCO Group letters). As such, any and all
    copyright infringement claims made by SCO Group are moot. Period.

    krp

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 08:05 PM EST
    It seems to me that if SCO won this one, it would have no impact on Linux.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    Is Copyright Claim another way to get AIX Source
    Authored by: mikeca on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 08:33 PM EST
    Is this copyright claim just another way to force IBM to turn over the AIX
    source? In discovery for this AIX copyright claim, I am sure that SCO will ask
    for all AIX source code so it can show it still contains SysV code that SCO
    claims they own the copyright to. Once they have the AIX source, then they will
    again try to claim that AIX source was contributed to Linux and under their
    derivative works theory violates the contract.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    Timely Registration
    Authored by: Ruidh on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 09:09 PM EST
    SCO claims:
    178. Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 410(c), the certificates of copyright
    registrations for each Copyrighted Program constitute prima facie evidence of
    the validity of the copyrights and of the facts stated in the certificates. SCO
    and its predecessors' registered copyrights in the Copyrighted Programs are
    entitled to such statutory presumptions.

    But, registration only constitutes prima facie evidence if the registrations are
    timely. These registrations are for 10 year old works.

    Section 410(c) actually says:
    In any judicial proceedings the certificate of a registration made before or
    within five years after first publication of the work shall constitute prima
    facie evidence of the validity of the copyright and of the facts stated in the
    certificate. The evidentiary weight to be accorded the certificate of a
    registration made thereafter shall be within the discretion of the court.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    But... SCOG do not even own the 1992 copyrights! Madness!
    Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 09:42 PM EST

    The 1992 works are from Attachment E to the Novell/Santa Cruz Asset Purchase Agreement which, "contains a listing of Seller's copyright registrations covering product(s) of the Business." Take the first entry for example. A search for "TXU-510-028" at the US Copyright Office yields,

    TXu-510-028 (COHM)
    Title: UNIX.
    Edition: 5th ed.
    Note: Computer program; with programmer's manual by K. Thompson, D. M. Ritchie.
    Claimant: Unix System Laboratories, Inc.
    Created: 1973
    Registered: 25Mar92
    Title on © Application: UNIX operating system.
    Author on © Application: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (employer for hire)
    Miscellaneous: C.O. corres.

    I don't see how discovery can go on without opening up the 1985 APA can of worms. Do you?

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    Derivation of $5B
    Authored by: Lev on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 10:09 PM EST
    According to the proposed amended complaint:

    $1B for donating AIX code to Linux
    $1B for ignoring AIX license termination
    $1B for donating Sequent code to Linux
    $1B for ignoring Sequent license termination
    $1B for destroying the value of UNIX

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    SCO's predecessors in interest
    Authored by: Sri Lumpa on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 10:37 PM EST
    Don't you love the way SCO dodges Novell's copyright registration without
    explicitely mentioning Novell by saying:

    "These registrations have been obtained by SCO and its predecessors in
    interest and are owned by SCO"

    Well, even though Novell disputes SCO's copyright claims it is true that SCO's
    predecessor in interest (Novell) obtained copyright registrations.


    ---
    I do not suffer from insanity; I enjoy every minute of it.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: fxbushman on Friday, February 06 2004 @ 11:52 PM EST
    I can't imagine how SCOG hopes to go forward with this copyright claim, since the copyrights are in dispute. The conclusion then must be that SCOG does not expect the case to go forward, i.e., they want to put it on hold until their argument with Novell over the copyrights is settled. But that case, like this one, could drag on for a year or years until it is decided (against SCOG, of course).

    So I cannot see how this new turn is anything but an attempt to buy a year or more of time. If you accept that conclusion, then you may also wish to conclude that SCOG filed the suit against Novell for two reasons rather than one: (1) Novell was beginning to hold SCOG's feet to the fire, and (2) a Novell suit buys them time in their dispute with IBM. Note that it was beginning to look as if the IMB suit might be thrown out as a result of SCOG's inability to produce any proof of their charges. This would have precipitated a huge nosedive in SCOX price - fatal for Darl's pump and dump plans.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 12:03 AM EST
    actually, this is a smart move by SCO ... since they are no-longer going after
    IBM for System V code in linux, they can still hit people up for licences, and
    there is no evidence to the contrary, cause who else has the funds to take on
    SCO.

    There won't be any ruling on the inclusion of SysV code in linux, so the
    question is never answered. They can still "Pay up or face our legal
    might" without proof, alot of companies will (as some has already) just pay
    to aviod the court costs.

    This has gotten even more curious now, but I think I can see their logic, which
    is scary.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 12:16 AM EST
    I have not read all of the comments yet, but, it sounds like SCO is bumping up
    the claim to $5 Billion hoping that will be the sound-bite the press hears
    instead of the fact that today's hearing proves they have no case. The
    pathetic thing is that the way the press has been covering the case so far, the
    $5 Billion is all that they will mention.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The WRONGFUL Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: LionKuntz on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 02:26 AM EST
    -----------------------------
    "177. SCO and its predecessors in interest created the Copyrighted Programs as original works of authorship, and, as such, the Copyrighted Programs constitute copyrightable subject matter under the copyright laws of the United States. The Copyrighted Programs were automatically subject to copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. Section 102(a) when such programs were fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Copyright protection under 17 U.S.C. Section 106 extends to derivative works which are defined in 17 U.S.C. Section 101 to include works based on the original work or any other form in which the original work may be recast, transformed, modified or adapted."
    -----------------------------

    The facts of UNIX history are recorded. From the first month of existence UNIX was a collaborative product, with numerous university locations testing and bug-reporting and contributing fixes. The code was published, as such, during a period of time when copyright law was not extended to computer code. Copyright law did not apply to, nor protect, computer source code, but then applicable law REQUIRED correctly affixed copyright notices for works seeking copyright protection.

    There was no AUTOMATIC copyright protection for published works: either the work included copyright notices or else it didn't. Only works with copyright notices were protected, and those without were not protected by copyright law existing before 1972. For a four year period UNIX was a non-copyrighted published work, from 1968 through 1972.

    The statement in paragraph 177 is attempting to apply post-1972 copyright law, giving automatic copyright protections to a work created in 1968 when such rights required the affirmative duty to place formal copyright notices on a work. Any work created and published between 1968 and 1972 required copyright notices or AUTOMATIC forfeiture of any copyright protection was the mandatory result of then existing law.


    All versions of UNIX are derivative of a non-copyrighted work which was published in ever enlarging numbers to uncontrolled university audiences. No number can be placed on how many people had access to this non-copyrighted code because there was not a compliance program overseeing the distribution of the published work.


    All UNIX versions are derivative of a public domain body of code, which improperly, in defiance of the applicable copyright law of the time of the work's creation, was marked with copyright notices long after wide uncontrolled distribution had already occurred. All UNIX versions are essentually derivative of public domain material.

    The history of UNIX is published on the internet, and examination of multiple eye-witness reports confirms the inescapable truth of the statement I have made above.

    http://www.levenez.com/unix/ Unix History. Unix Timeline Below, you can see the preview of the Unix History (click on the white zone to get a bigger image): ...

    http://www.bell-labs.com/history/u nix/ The Creation of the UNIX * Operating System. After three decades of use, the UNIX* computer operating system from Bell Labs is still ... Description: Lengthy encyclopedia-quality article from Bell Labs, covering the early days to the present versions.

    http://www .unix-systems.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html ... 1969, The Beginning, The history of UNIX starts back in 1969, when Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others started working on the "little-used PDP-7 in a corner ...

    http://cm.bell-labs.com/c m/cs/who/dmr/hist.html Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, 07974 ABSTRACT. This paper presents a brief history of the early development of the Unix operating system. ... Description: 1979 conference paper by Dennis Ritchie. "Concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the process-c...

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    Mainstream press still buying the SCO line in spite of this
    Authored by: Anonymous on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 02:31 AM EST
    SCOX went up, and no wonder. I just checked how Reuters reported this, and their main point was that:

    The SCO Group Inc. (SCOX.O: Quote, Profile, Research) on Friday added two claims of copyright infringement to its year-old, $3 billion lawsuit against IBM, lifting potential damages to $5 billion, according to court documents.

    link here

    No mention of simultaneously dropping the trade secret claim. No mention of IBM's report that SCO still has not managed to identify infringing Linux code. In fact, no mention of anything that would be negative to SCO.

    I used to think that Reuters was a reputable news agency. Now I see it as about as reliable as the Soviet-era Pravda.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 04:58 AM EST
    How times change :)

    From a post on the Yahoo finance boards that links to the LinuxWorld story

    MozillaQuest Magazine: Does SCO have registered copyrights for JFS, NUMA, and RCU?

    Blake Stowell, SCO Group: No we don't, but this is not a copyright case. This is a contracts case. We have taken IBM to court because they are in breach of contract.

    MozillaQuest Magazine: If so, is that the same JFS, NUMA, and RCU code that is in the Linux kernel?

    Blake Stowell: I can't give you the exact location, but yes, it is in Linux.

    MozillaQuest Magazine: Does SCO have registered copyrights for the Unix extensions developed by IBM?

    Blake Stowell: No, IBM has those copyrights, but this is not about copyrights. It is about the breaking of a contract.

    MozillaQuest Magazine: If not, does SCO claim that it is entitled to register copyrights for the Unix extensions developed by IBM?

    Blake Stowell: SCO will not register those because they do not belong to SCO. They belong to IBM.

    Mozilla Quest, 25 July, 2003

    www.linuxworld.com/story/33858_p.htm

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    whoops
    Authored by: SilverWave on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 05:44 AM EST

    http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1104_2-5154719.html

    As previously reported, SCO's latest amendment to the IBM suit incorporates several new claims, including allegations that IBM violated SCO copyrights by continuing to distribute Unix and Unix-derived products, presumably including Linux, after SCO terminated IBM's Linux license.

    Linux! Cough! Cough!



    ---
    "Unless stopped I believe they will walk away from the rotten, decaying corpse that is SCOG a lot richer" :-(

    Stopped it is then.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    • Cough. - Authored by: _Arthur on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 07:52 AM EST
      • Cough. - Authored by: whitehat on Sunday, February 08 2004 @ 03:12 AM EST
        • Cough. - Authored by: roxyb on Sunday, February 08 2004 @ 02:55 PM EST
          • Cough. - Authored by: whitehat on Sunday, February 08 2004 @ 04:04 PM EST
            • Cough. - Authored by: roxyb on Sunday, February 08 2004 @ 04:36 PM EST
    Media reporting
    Authored by: sculdoon on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 07:44 AM EST
    Bravo to the register

    http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/7/35411.html

    one of the few media outlets who have'nt just reprinted some SCO press
    release..

    dave.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 08:58 AM EST
    Easy answer: Microsoft.

    The Baystar 'Pipe' apparently means that Baystar is not the source of the cash.
    They are merely the conduit.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: henrik on Saturday, February 07 2004 @ 11:23 AM EST

    And here is a link to The Inquirer. Groklaw is mentioned

    Leave poor SCO alone... the poor little lambs

    Charlie Demerjian has got it

    [ Reply to This | # ]

    The Copyright Claim, Such As It Is
    Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, February 08 2004 @ 08:32 AM EST
    Check out this link on slash dot. http://slashdot.org/search.pl?topic=155
    It has to do with patents that have been granted for Solitare and other computer
    based card games, how URL's are handled, how Intel cpu's handle clocking, among
    other things. These are all patents that have been granted for items that have
    been in use for a while, but now patents are being granted and lawsuits filed
    based on these patents. This doesn't fit in directly with SCOG, but it is
    something we should watch. It really seems as though our legal system is really
    running amok.
    Regarding SCOG - can this case get any stranger than it is now? Seems as tho
    they keep trying to some basis for their lawsuit but it keeps evading them.

    [ Reply to This | # ]

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