thefre ed ictionary.com has a good discussion of the Daubert standard, which comes from Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113:

In Daubert, the Court stated that evidence based on innovative or unusual scientific knowledge may be admitted only after it has been established that the evidence is reliable and scientifically valid. The Court also imposed a gatekeeping function on trial judges by charging them with preventing "junk science" from entering the courtroom as evidence. To that end, Daubert outlined four considerations: testing, peer review, error rates, and acceptability in the relevant scientific community. These four tests for reliability are known as the Daubert factors or the Daubert test.

Here's Feder al Rule of Evidence 702, and here's the Daubert ruling from the Supreme Court.

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