In addition to the new risk factors already pointed out, here are some other changes in Amendment 1 to SCO's November S3, which it just filed. On the left, you find the new version, with red text representing new or altered material. On the right, you find the November filing, with blue text representing deleted or altered material. As a general rule, lawyers don't change a legal document unless it has some significance. To a lawyer, words are weapons. They aim for precision, not beauty, or at least if they aim for beauty, it's definitely second. This isn't a criticism. Precision in your words in a document can make the difference between a solid contract that doesn't need to be decided by a judge because there is no dispute about what it means and one that ends up a lawsuit because nobody is sure what it is saying. I won't characterize the changes here, because you can do that for yourself. The purpose of the chart is to help you note what is new. Enjoy the fine points. If you see anything I missed, which is certainly possible, or any mistakes, do let me know, so I can perfect the chart. The numbers on the left have no significance, except to keep me from going blind in a thick forest of HTML.
| # | SCO's January Amendment 1 to S3 | SCO's November S3 |
| 1 | In addition to SCOx, we implemented our first SCOsource
initiative in January 2003 to review and establish our intellectual
property rights in the UNIX operating system. In March 2003, we filed a
lawsuit against IBM as part of this and other SCOsource
initiatives. | In addition to SCOx, we implemented our first
SCOsource initiative in January 2003 to review and enforce our
intellectual property rights in the UNIX operating system. In March
2003, we filed a lawsuit against IBM as part of this initiative. |
| 2 | In our results of operations, we recognize
revenue from agreements for support and maintenance contracts and other
long-term contracts that have been previously invoiced and are included
in deferred revenue. Our deferred revenue balance has declined from
$10.1 million as of October 31, 2002 to $5.5 million as of October 31,
2003, and this decline in deferred revenue may continue into future
quarters, which may have a negative impact on our operating system
platform products revenue. | In our quarterly results of
operations, we recognize revenue from agreements for support and
maintenance contracts and other long-term contracts that have been
previously invoiced and are included in deferred revenue. Our deferred
revenue balance has declined from $10.1 million as of October 31, 2002
to $6.8 million as of July 31, 2003. | | 3 |
Additionally, as explained in more detail below in the section
entitled "Recent Developments," we must account for the issuance of
shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock from our October 2003
private placement by bifurcating the value of the Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock into a preferred stock component and a derivative
component. As of October 31, 2003, we recorded a liability of $15.2
million as the fair value of the derivative component. To account for
the derivative component in subsequent periods, we will mark-to-market
its value at each balance sheet date and will include in our
consolidated statement of operations any changes in value as a component
of other income or expense. Changes in the value of the derivative
component may be significant because the value of our common stock at
each balance sheet date will have a significant impact on the
derivative's value. For example, an increase in the value of our common
stock by $1.00 may require us to record an expense of approximately
$1,000,000, and, conversely, a decrease in our common stock by $1.00 may
require us to record income of approximately $1,000,000. If this
accounting treatment requires us to record significant expenses in
future periods, our profitability in those periods may be adversely
impacted. | [Nothing equivalent.] |
| 4 |
We initiated the SCOsource licensing effort in January 2003 to
review the status of UNIX licensing and sublicensing agreements and to
identify those in the industry that may be currently using our
intellectual property without obtaining the necessary licenses. This
effort resulted in the execution of two significant license agreements
during fiscal year 2003 and generated $25.8 million in revenue. |
We initiated the SCOsource licensing effort in January 2003 to
review the status of UNIX licensing and sublicensing agreements and to
identify others in the industry that may be currently using our
intellectual property without obtaining the necessary licenses. This
effort resulted in the execution of two license agreements during the
quarter ended April 30, 2003, and the receipt of additional license fees
from these two contracts during the July 31, 2003 and October 31, 2003
quarters. |
| 5 | Our SCOsource initiative is
unlikely to produce a stable or predictable revenue stream for the
foreseeable future. Additionally, the success of this initiative may
depend on the perceived strength of our intellectual property rights and
contractual claims regarding UNIX, including, the strength of our claim
that unauthorized UNIX System V source code and derivatives are
prevalent in Linux. | Given the unauthorized use of our UNIX code
and derivatives and the resultant litigation, it is difficult to predict
if our SCOsource initiative will produce stable, predictable revenue for
the foreseeable future, and to what degree. The success of this
initiative in part may depend on the strength of our intellectual
property rights and contractual claims regarding UNIX including, the
strength of our claim that unauthorized UNIX System V source code and
derivatives are prevalent in Linux. |
| 6 | IBM has filed a response and counterclaim to
the complaint, including a demand for jury trial. We have filed an
answer to the IBM counterclaim denying the claims and asserting
affirmative defenses. | IBM has filed a response and counter
claim to the complaint, including a demand for jury trial. The discovery
process of the action has commenced. The action has been removed from
Utah Third District State Court and is currently pending in the Federal
District Court for the District of Utah. We have filed an answer to the
IBM counterclaim. | | 7 | If we do not prevail in
our action against IBM, or if IBM is successful in its counterclaim
against us, our business and results of operations could be materially
harmed. The litigation with IBM and potentially others could be costly,
and our costs for legal fees may be substantial and in excess of amounts
for which we have budgeted. Additionally, the market price of our common
stock may be negatively affected as a result of developments in our
legal action against IBM that may be, or may be perceived to be, adverse
to us. | If we do not prevail in our action against IBM, or if
IBM is successful in its counter claim against us, our business and
results of operations could be materially harmed. The litigation with
IBM and others could be costly, and our costs for legal fees may be
substantial and in excess of amounts for which we have budgeted. In
addition, we may experience a decrease in revenue as a result of the
loss of sales of Linux products and initiatives previously undertaken
jointly with IBM and others affiliated with IBM or sympathetic to the
Linux movement. We are informed that participants in the Linux industry
have attempted to influence participants in the markets in which we sell
our products to reduce or eliminate the amount of our products and
services that they purchase. They have been somewhat successful in those
efforts and similar efforts and success will likely continue. There is
also a risk that the assertion of our intellectual property rights will
be negatively viewed by participants in our marketplace and we may lose
support from such participants. Any of the foregoing could adversely
affect our position in the marketplace and our results of
operations. | | 8 | We also have begun delivering
written notice to a large number of licensees under our System V UNIX
contracts requiring them to, among other things, provide written
certification that they are in full compliance with their agreements,
including certification that they are not using our proprietary UNIX
code in Linux, have not allowed unauthorized use of licensed UNIX code
by their employees or contractors and have not breached confidentiality
provisions relating licensed UNIX code. Additionally, we have begun
notifying selected Linux end users in writing of violations we allege
under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act related to SCO's copyrights
contained in Linux. | [Nothing equivalent.] |
| 9 | As a result of our action against IBM and our SCOsource
initiatives to protect our intellectual property rights, several
participants in the Linux industry and others affiliated with IBM or
sympathetic to the Linux movement have taken actions attempting to
negatively affect our business and our SCOsource efforts. Linux
proponents have taken a broad range of actions against us, including,
for example, attempting to influence participants in the markets in
which we sell our products to reduce or eliminate the amount of our
products and services they purchase from us. These actions have been
somewhat successful in negatively impacting our business, and we expect
that similar efforts likely will continue. There is a risk that
participants in our marketplace will negatively view our legal action
against IBM and our SCOsource initiatives, and we may lose support from
such participants. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our
position in the marketplace, our results of operations and our stock
price.
Another recent Linux proponent action has been to initiate several
denial of service attacks on our website, which have prevented web users
from accessing our website and doing business with us for a period of
time. If such attacks continue or if our customers and strategic
partners are also subjected to similar attacks, our business and results
of operations could be materially harmed.
Also, some of the more significant participants in the Linux industry
have made efforts to ease Linux end users' concerns that their use of
Linux may subject them to potential copyright infringement claims from
us. For example, Hewlett-Packard and Novell have each established
indemnification programs for qualified customers purchasing Linux-based
products and services that may potentially become subject to a copyright
infringement claims from us. Additionally, Open Source Development Labs,
a non-profit organization (OSDL), has established a legal defense fund
that will be used to defend Linux users against copyright infringement
lawsuits brought by us. It has been reported that OSDL so far has
attracted at least $3 million in pledges from contributors including IBM
and Intel, among others. Similarly, Red Hat, Inc. has announced it has
committed $1 million for a separate fund it created to cover the legal
expenses of other companies developing Linux.
As a further response to our SCOsource initiatives and claim that our
UNIX source code has inappropriately been included in Linux, Novell has
publicly asserted its belief that it owns certain copyrights in our UNIX
System V source code, and it has filed 15 copyright applications with
the United States Copyright Office related to UNIX System V. Novell also
claims that it has a license to UNIX from us and the right to authorize
its customers to use UNIX technology in their internal business
operations. Specifically, Novell has also claimed to have retained
rights related to legacy UNIX SVRX licenses, including the license with
IBM. Novell asserts it has the right to take action on behalf of SCO in
connection with such licenses, including termination rights. We have
repeatedly asserted that we obtained the UNIX business, source code,
claims and copyrights when we acquired the operations of Tarantella
(formerly, The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.) in May 2001, which had
previously acquired all such assets and rights from Novell in September
1995 pursuant to an asset purchase agreement, as amended.
Notwithstanding our assertions of full ownership of UNIX-related
intellectual property rights, as set forth above, including copyrights,
the efforts of Novell and the other Linux proponents described above may
cause Linux end users to be less willing to purchase from us our SCO
Intellectual Property Licenses authorizing their use of our intellectual
property contained in the Linux operating system, which may adversely
affect our revenue from our SCOsource initiatives. In addition, these
efforts may increase the negative view some participants in our market
place have regarding our legal action against IBM and our SCOsource
initiatives and may contribute to creating confusion in the marketplace
about the validity of our claim that the unauthorized use of our UNIX
System V source code and derivatives in Linux infringes on our
copyrights. Increased negative perception and potential confusion about
our claims in our marketplace could impede our continued pursuit of our
SCOsource initiatives and negatively impact our business. | As a
result of our assertion of our intellectual property rights, we have
been subjected to several denial of service attacks on our website which
prevented web users from accessing our website and doing business with
us for a period of time. If such attacks continue or if our customers
and strategic partners are also subjected to similar attacks, our
business and results of operations could be materially harmed. |
| 10 | We have filed a motion to dismiss the Red Hat
complaint, asserting that Red Hat lacks standing and that no case or
controversy exists on which to base a declaratory judgment. If Red Hat
is successful in its claim against us, our business and results of
operations could be materially harmed. Red Hat has filed an opposition
to the Company's motion to dismiss, but the court has not ruled on the
motion. | Red Hat also announced it was contributing $1 million
to establish the Open Source Now fund to help pay the costs of Linux
companies involved in legal action with us, and encouraged other
participants in the Linux community to make contributions. We have filed
a motion to dismiss the Red Hat complaint, asserting that Red Hat lacks
standing and that no case or controversy exists on which to base a
declaratory judgment. If Red Hat is successful in its claim against us,
our business and results of operations could be materially harmed. |
| 11 | We have not heard from the ACCC since that
time. It is unknown if any future action will be taken. [re Australia] | [Nothing
equivalent] |
| 12 | [Deleted] |
We are negotiating with the various claimants in Germany over the
temporary restraining orders. | | 13 |
[Deleted] | If our SCO branding effort is not accepted or
causes market confusion, our business may be adversely affected.
We recently launched a rebranding effort for our products and services
as well as our corporate image. On May 16, 2003, our stockholders
approved the change of our corporate name to The SCO Group, Inc. Prior
to our name change, we renamed our UNIX products and services using the
SCO trademark to draw on this strong brand recognition. We acquired the
rights to use this trademark in May 2001 from Tarantella in connection
with our acquisition of certain Tarantella assets and operations. If the
rebranding effort is not accepted by our resellers or customers of our
products and services, if the rebranding efforts cause confusion, or if
there are negative connotations associated with the trademark that we
cannot successfully address, our business may be adversely affected.
If our recently launched products and services are not accepted in
the marketplace, our business may be adversely affected.
In January 2003, we announced SCOsource, our intellectual property
licensing initiative, and in April 2003, we announced SCOx, our web
services strategy. In addition, we have recently released new versions
of our SCO OpenServer and SCO UnixWare operating systems. If our
resellers or customers do not accept these initiatives or product
enhancements, if the products fail to perform as expected, or if revenue
from these initiatives is below our expectations, our business will be
adversely affected. | | 14 | --the contingency fees we may pay to the law firms
representing us in our efforts to establish our intellectual property
rights [in list of "Factors that may affect our results".] | [Nothing equivalent] |
| 15 | Deleted |
-- the unauthorized use of our
UNIX code and derivatives by others to compete with us [dropped from list of Factors that may affect our results".] | | 16 | changes in business attitudes
toward UNIX as a viable operating system compared to other competing
systems, especially Linux | changes in business attitudes toward UNIX as a viable
operating system compared to other competing systems | | 17 | Our revenue from the sale of
UNIX-based products has declined over the last several quarters. This
decrease in revenue has been attributable to the worldwide economic
slowdown, lower information technology spending, and increased
competitive pressures from alternative operating systems. If the demand
for UNIX-based products continues to decline, and we are unable to
develop new products and services that successfully address a market
demand, our business will be adversely affected. | Our revenue
from the sale of UNIX-based products has declined over the last eight
quarters. This decrease in revenue has been attributable to the
worldwide economic slowdown, lower information technology spending, and
increased competitive pressures from alternative operating systems. As
explained elsewhere in this filing, we claim that much of this
competition is in violation of our contractual and intellectual property
rights. If the demand for UNIX-based products continues to decline, and
we are unable to develop new products and services that successfully
address a market demand, our business will be adversely affected. |
| 18 | Many of these competitors have access to
greater resources than we do. The major competitive alternatives to our
UNIX products are Microsoft's NT and Linux. The expansion of Microsoft's
and our other competitors' offerings may restrict the overall market
available for our server products, including some markets where we have
been successful in the past. | While we believe that our server
products retain a competitive advantage in a number of targeted
application areas, the expansion of Microsoft's and our other
competitors' offerings may restrict the overall market available for our
server products, including some markets where we have been successful in
the past. |
| 19 | Our compensation arrangement
with the law firms representing us in our efforts to establish our
intellectual property rights may harm our ability to raise additional
financing.
Our compensation arrangement with the law firms representing us in our
efforts to establish our intellectual property rights could harm our
ability to raise additional funding if needed. We may be obligated to
pay our law firms, subject to certain limitations, contingency fees of
up to 20 percent of the proceeds we receive from litigation,
settlements, certain licenses and other transactions related to our
intellectual property and from a sale of our company, and this
arrangement may be construed to include contingency fee payments in
connection with issuances of our equity securities. Our law firms' right
to receive such contingent payments could cause prospective investors to
choose not to invest in our company or limit the price at which new
investors would be willing to provide additional funds to our
company. | [Nothing equivalent] |
| 20 |
[Deleted] | Our competitive position could decline
if we are unable to obtain additional financing.
We recently completed the private placement of $50 million of our Series
A Convertible Preferred Stock, for which we received approximately $47.8
million in net proceeds. However, if this additional capital is not
sufficient to fund the expansion of our business, support operations,
fund litigation expenses, respond to competitive pressures, acquire
complementary businesses or technologies or respond to unanticipated
requirements, we may need to raise additional capital. We cannot assure
you that additional funding will be available to us in amounts or on
terms acceptable to us. | | 21 | When we generate
profits in foreign countries, our effective income tax rate is
increased. | When we generate profits in foreign countries, our
effective income tax rate is increased, even though we generate
consolidated net losses. | | 22 | If the current
slowdown continues, our revenue and results of operations may continue
to be lower than expected. | If the economic slowdown and the
unauthorized use of our UNIX code continue |
| 23 | The trading price for our common stock has been
volatile, ranging from a sales price of $1.09 in mid-February 2003, to a
sales price of over $22.00 per share in October 2003, to a sales price
of $15.65 in January 2004. | The trading price for our common
stock has been volatile, ranging from a sales price of $1.09 in
mid-February 2003, to a sales price of over $22.00 per share in October
2003, to a sales price of $14.73 in November 2003. |
| 24 | The shares subject to this prospectus represent
approximately 27 percent of our issued and outstanding common stock as
of January 16, 2004, although, as described more fully below, no selling
stockholder and its affiliates may beneficially own more than 4.99
percent of our common stock at any time. | The shares subject to
this prospectus represent approximately 28 percent of our issued and
outstanding common stock as of October 31, 2003. |
| 25 | As of December 31, 2003, we have issued and outstanding
options to purchase up to 3,620,168 shares of common stock with exercise
prices ranging from $0.66 to $28.00 per share. | As of October
31, 2003, we have issued and outstanding options to purchase up to
3,629,568 shares of common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0.66
to $28.00 per share. | | 26 | If the selling
stockholders choose not to convert shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock, then, as holders of shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock, among other rights, they will be entitled to require us
to repurchase for cash all the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock held by them at a premium price if any of several redemption
trigger events occurs. Our redemption obligation may be triggered by
events that are beyond our control. These redemption provisions, if
triggered, would require us to redeem the then-issued and outstanding
shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock for cash. If we were
required to pay cash to the holders of shares of our Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock, it could have a material impact on our
liquidity, which may require us to obtain additional sources of cash to
sustain operations and may negatively impact the holders of our common
stock. Additionally, the holders of shares of our Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive a preferential
distribution of our assets prior to any distribution to our holders of
common stock upon a liquidation, dissolution, winding up or other change
in control transaction in which we sell all or substantially all our
assets or merge or consolidate or otherwise combine with another company
or entity. | If the selling stockholders choose not to convert
shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, then, as holders of
shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, among other rights, they
will be entitled to receive a preferential distribution of our assets
prior to any distribution to our holders of common stock upon a
liquidation, dissolution, winding up or other change in control
transaction in which we sell all or substantially all our assets or
merge or consolidate or otherwise combine with another company or
entity. |
| 27 | Depending on the amount of
assets we have available for distribution to stockholders upon a
liquidation event when shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
remain outstanding, we may be required to distribute all such assets or
a portion of such assets that exceeds the preferred stockholders' pro
rata ownership of our common stock assuming full conversion of their
preferred shares into common stock, which could eliminate or limit the
assets available for distribution to our common stockholders. Our
potential obligation to pay to the law firms representing us in our
efforts to establish our intellectual property rights a contingent fee
of 20 percent of the proceeds we receive from a sale of our company,
subject to certain limitations, could also contribute to eliminating or
limiting the assets available for distribution to our common
stockholders. | Depending on the amount of assets we have
available for distribution to stockholders upon a liquidation event when
shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we
may be required to distribute all such assets or a portion of such
assets that exceeds the preferred stockholders' pro rata ownership of
our common stock assuming full conversion of their preferred shares into
common stock, which could eliminate or limit the assets available for
distribution to our common stockholders. | | 28 |
The Certificate of Designation also provides that the holders of our
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have a participation right
entitling them to purchase their pro rata share of any future equity
securities, or debt that is convertible into equity, on the same terms
offered by us to other purchasers of such securities. Additionally, we
have agreed with the holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
that we will not complete a transaction or take any action that could
result in a claim for a contingency payment by the law firms
representing us in our efforts to establish our intellectual property
rights, other than contingency payments related to certain license
transactions, without first obtaining the consent of the investors
holding at least two thirds of the shares of our Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock. This right of consent, and the participation right and
other approval rights described above, may make it more difficult for
management, our board of directors or our stockholders to reach a
settlement in our litigation with IBM, raise capital in the future in
either equity or debt financing transactions or to take other
significant company actions. These provisions could also limit the price
that some investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common
stock in the future. | Additionally, the Certificate of
Designation provides that the holders of our Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock have a participation right entitling them to purchase
their pro rata share of any future equity securities, or debt that is
convertible into equity, on the same terms offered by us to other
purchasers of such securities. This participation right, and the right
to approve the company actions described above, may make it more
difficult for management, our board of directors or our stockholders to
raise capital in the future in either equity or debt financing
transactions or to take other significant company actions. These
provisions could also limit the price that some investors might be
willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future. |
| 29 | These measures, combined with aggregate revenue of
$25.8 million from our SCOsource intellectual property rights licensing
initiatives, resulted in fiscal 2003 being the first profitable year in
our operating history. | These measures, combined with aggregate
revenue of $15.53 million from our intellectual property rights
licensing initiative, SCOsource, resulted in the first two profitable
quarters in our history during the six months ended July 31, 2003. In
addition, subsequent to July 31, 2003, Microsoft exercised an option it
held to acquire a broader license to our UNIX source code resulting in a
payment to us of $8 million. |
| 30 |
[Deleted] | Additionally, the dividends on the Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock will be accrued for the difference in the
stated dividend rate and 12% per annum. These additional dividends will
reduce earnings available to common stockholders as incurred from
this: | | 31 | On October 16, 2003, we completed
a $50 million private placement of 50,000 shares of our nonvoting Series
A Convertible Preferred Stock and received net proceeds of approximately
$47.7 million. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible
into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $16.93
per common share. Additionally, among other rights and preferences, the
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will accrue cumulative dividends
after the first anniversary of the closing of the private placement. The
dividends, which must be paid quarterly, will accrue at a rate of 8
percent per annum, with annual increases of 2 percent per annum not to
exceed a maximum annual rate of 12 percent. We have the flexibility to
pay the dividends in cash or additional shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock, subject to certain limitations. We have filed this
registration statement as part of our agreement to register the resale
of the approximately 3,850,000 shares of common stock issuable on
conversion of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued in the
private placement and that may be issued in paying accrued dividends.
| On October 16, 2003, we completed a $50 million private
placement of 50,000 shares of our nonvoting Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock and received net proceeds of approximately $47.8
million. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into
shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $16.93 per
common share. Additionally, among other rights and preferences, the
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will accrue cumulative dividends
after the first anniversary of the closing of the private placement. The
dividends, which must be paid quarterly, will accrue at a rate of 8
percent per annum, with annual increases of 2 percent per annum not to
exceed a maximum annual rate of 12 percent. We have the flexibility to
pay the dividends in cash or additional shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock, subject to certain limitations. Additionally, the
dividends on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will be accrued
for the difference in the stated dividend rate and 12% per annum. These
additional dividends will reduce earnings available to common
stockholders as incurred. We have filed this registration statement as
part of our agreement to register the resale of the approximately
3,850,000 shares of common stock issuable on conversion of the Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock issued in the private placement or that may
be issued in paying accrued dividends. | | 32 |
[Deleted] | We anticipate recording a beneficial conversion
feature related to the issuance of the Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock in our private placement of approximately $8,741,000. The
beneficial conversion feature represents the intrinsic value of the
difference in the Series A conversion price and the closing market price
of our common stock on October 16, 2003. | | 33 |
We anticipate using the funds available to us from our private
placement to target vertical markets for our existing UNIX-based
offerings, to expand our UNIX licensing program and provide migration
options for Linux end users, to roll-out major upgrades for our
UNIX-based operating systems and to further establish our intellectual
property rights. | We anticipate using the funds available to us
from the foregoing transactions for our internet-based offerings under
our SCOx initiative, to target vertical markets for our existing
UNIX-based offerings, to expand our UNIX licensing program and provide
migration options for Linux end users, to roll-out major upgrades for
our UNIX-based operating systems and to protect our intellectual
property rights. | | 34 | To properly account
for our private placement, we have bifurcated the value of the Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock issued in the transaction into two
components, the preferred stock instrument and a derivative instrument.
The conversion and redemption features of the Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock require the bifurcation of the instruments. We assigned
$29.7 million of the value of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
to the preferred stock instrument. In valuing the derivative component,
we engaged an independent appraisal firm to assist us. As of October 31,
2003, we recorded a liability of $15.2 million as the fair value of the
derivative component. Also, for our fourth quarter and fiscal year ended
October 31, 2003, we recorded $2.8 million as other income representing
the decrease in the fair value of the derivative component from October
16, 2003, the closing date of our private placement, to October 31,
2003. The accounting for the derivative component will require us to
mark-to-market its value at the end of each quarter, and we will include
in our statement of operations other income or expense for any change in
the fair value of the derivative. | [Nothing equivalent] |
| 35 | In March 2003, we filed a complaint against
IBM alleging breach of contract, misappropriation of trade secrets,
tortuous interference, and unfair competition. The matter is currently
pending in the United States District Court for the District of Utah.
The complaint centers on IBM's activities regarding the UNIX operating
system that underlies our UNIX-based operating systems and IBM's AIX
UNIX-based operating system. The complaint alleges that IBM obtained
information concerning the UNIX source code from us and inappropriately
used and distributed that information in connection with its efforts to
promote the Linux operating system. Based on these claims, we delivered
to IBM a notice of termination of the license agreement we have with IBM
that permitted the use of our UNIX source code in the development of
IBM's AIX operating systems.
On or about June 16, 2003, we filed an amended complaint in the IBM
case. The amended complaint essentially restates and realleges the
allegations of the original complaint and expands on those claims in
several ways. Most importantly, the amended complaint raises new
allegations regarding IBM's actions and breaches through the products
and services of Sequent, which IBM acquired. We allege that IBM breached
the Sequent agreement in several ways similar to those set forth above
and we are seeking damages flowing from those breaches. We are also
seeking injunctive relief on several of our claims.
IBM has filed a response and counterclaim to the complaint, including a
demand for a jury trial. The discovery process of the action has
commenced. We filed an answer to IBM's counterclaim denying the claims
and asserting affirmative defenses.
In its counterclaim, as amended on September 25, 2003, IBM asserts that
we do not have the right to terminate its UNIX license or assert claims
based on our ownership of UNIX intellectual property against them or
others in the Linux community. In addition, they assert that we have
breached the GNU General Public License and have infringed on certain
patents held by IBM. Their counterclaims include claims for breach of
contract, violation of the Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional
interference with prospective economic relations, unfair and deceptive
trade practices, promissory estoppel, copyright infringement, and patent
infringement and seeks a declaratory judgment against us. Discovery is
ongoing in the case. We intend to vigorously defend against these
counterclaims. In August 2003, we delivered notice of termination of
the UNIX license agreement we had with Sequent Computer Systems, Inc.,
which was previously acquired by IBM, based on similar breaches we had
claimed against IBM. This license was the basis for Sequent's UNIX-based
offering, the DYNIX/Ptx operating system. | In March 2003, we
filed a complaint against IBM alleging, in part, that it had breached
its license agreement with us by, among other things, inappropriately
contributing UNIX source code and derivative works to the open source
community and seeking to use its knowledge and methods with respect to
UNIX source code and derivative works and modifications licensed to it
to destroy the value of the UNIX operating system in favor of promoting
the adoption by businesses of the Linux operating system, of which it
has been a major backer. Based on these breaches, we terminated the
license agreement we have with IBM that permitted the use of our UNIX
source code in the development of IBM's AIX operating system. In May
2003, we sent letters to approximately 1,500 large corporations
notifying them that the use of the Linux operating system may be a
violation of our intellectual property rights.
IBM has filed a response and counter claim to the complaint, including a
demand for a jury trial. The discovery process of the action has
commenced. The action has been removed from Utah Third District State
Court and is currently pending in the Federal District Court for the
District of Utah. We filed an answer to IBM's counterclaim.
In its counter claim, as amended September 25, 2003, IBM asserts that we
do not have the right to terminate its UNIX license or assert claims
based on our ownership of UNIX intellectual property against them or
others in the Linux community. In addition, they assert that we have
breached the GNU General Public License and have infringed on certain
patents held by IBM. Their counter claims include claims for breach of
contract, violation of the Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional
interference with prospective economic relations, unfair and deceptive
trade practices, promissory estoppel, copyright infringement, and patent
infringement and seeks a declaratory judgment against us. We intend to
vigorously defend against these counter claims.
Subsequent to July 31, 2003, we terminated the UNIX license agreement we
had with Sequent Computer Systems, Inc. ("Sequent") (which was
previously acquired by IBM) based on similar breaches we had claimed
against IBM. This license was the basis for Sequent's UNIX-based
offering, the DYNIX/Ptx operating system.
| | 36 | In May 2003, we sent letters to
approximately 1,500 large corporations notifying them that the use of
the Linux operating system may violate our asserted intellectual
property rights. In December 2003, we also began delivering written
notice to a large number of licensees under our System V UNIX contracts
requiring them to, among other things, provide written certification
that they are in full compliance with their agreements, including
certification that they are not using our proprietary UNIX code in
Linux, have not allowed unauthorized use of licensed UNIX code by their
employees or contractors and have not breached confidentiality
provisions relating licensed UNIX code. Additionally, we began notifying
selected Linux end users in writing of violations under the Digital
Millennium Copyright Act related to SCO's copyrights contained in Linux.
As another SCOsource initiative, in August 2003, we first offered to
Linux end users the SCO Intellectual Property License for Linux in the
United States. We recently announced that we will begin offering the
license worldwide by February 1, 2004. The license permits the use of
our intellectual property, in binary form only, as contained in Linux
distributions. By purchasing the license, customers are properly
compensating us for our UNIX source code, derivative UNIX code and other
UNIX-related intellectual property and copyrights owned by us as we
allege they are currently found in Linux. We additionally have announced
that we expect to commence by mid-February 2004 our first legal action
against a Linux end user for copyright infringement claims.
| [Nothing equivalent] |
| 37 | The
success of our licensing and other SCOsource initiatives will depend to
a great extent on the perceived strength of our intellectual property
and contractual claims and our ability to establish our rights. Many,
particularly those in the open source community, dispute the allegations
of infringement that we have made. Our SCOsource initiatives resulted in
revenue of $25.8 million in fiscal 2003 from two license agreements
obtained from Sun Microsystems and Microsoft. We continue negotiations
with other industry participants that we believe may lead to additional
SCOsource license agreements, but we are currently unable to predict the
amount or timing of future revenue from this source, if any. |
The success of our SCOsource licensing initiative, at least
initially, will depend to a great extent on the perceived strength of
our intellectual property and contractual claims and our willingness to
enforce our rights. Many, particularly those in the open source
community, dispute the allegations of infringement that we have made.
While this SCOsource initiative has resulted in revenue of $15.53
million through July 31, 2003, and we continue negotiations with other
industry participants that we believe may lead to additional SCOsource
license agreements, we are currently unable to predict the amount or
timing of future revenue from this source, if any.
| | 38 | In connection with our $50 million
private placement, we have agreed to pay to Boies, Schiller & Flexner
LLP and other firms representing us in establishing our intellectual
property rights $1 million and register the issuance of 400,000 shares
of our common stock by March 1, 2004. Subject to the registration
statement covering such shares being declared effective by the
Securities and Exchange Commission, we would issue such shares under our
current equity incentive plans. As a result of the issuance of this
consideration to Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP and other firms, we
recorded an additional charge to earnings of approximately $9.0 million
in our fourth quarter that ended October 31, 2003. This $9.0 million
charge to earnings is comprised of non-cash expense of $8.0 million
related to the issuance of the 400,000 shares of common stock and $1.0
million in cash expense. Our agreement with the law firms provides
that the law firms will receive a contingency fee of 20 percent of the
proceeds from specified events related to establishing our intellectual
property rights. These events include settlements, judgments, licensing
fees, subject to certain exceptions, or a sale of our company during the
pendency of litigation or through settlement, subject to agreed upon
credits for amounts received as discounted hourly fees and unused
retainer fees and may be construed to include issuances of our equity
securities.
We also have agreed with the investors in our private placement that we
will not complete a transaction or take any action that could result in
a claim for a contingency payment by our law firms, other than
contingency payments related to licenses other than licenses entered
into as part of any settlement of litigation or sale of our company,
without first obtaining the consent of the investors holding at least
two thirds of the shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
issued in our private placement. Our obligation to obtain the consent of
our private placement investors will terminate automatically if and when
the aggregate number of shares of our common stock issuable upon
conversion of all outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock held by the investors fails to equal or exceed five percent of our
outstanding shares of common stock as of December 8, 2003. |
We
have agreed to pay to Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP and other firms
representing us in the protection of our intellectual property rights $1
million and register the issuance, pursuant to an effective registration
statement, to Boies, Schiller & Flexner by March 1, 2004 of 400,000
shares of our common stock. Subject to the registration statement
covering such shares being declared effective by the Securities and
Exchange Commission, we would issue such shares under our current equity
incentive plans. As a result of the issuance of this consideration to
Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP and other firms, SCO anticipates recording
an additional charge to earnings of approximately $8,956,000 in its
fourth quarter that ended October 31, 2003. This $8,956,000 charge to
earnings is comprised of non-cash expense of $7,956,000 related to the
issuance of the 400,000 shares of common stock and $1,000,000 in cash
expense. | | 39 | New footnote 5: BayStar
Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the
general partner of BayStar Capital II, LP. Steven Derby, a managing
member of BayStar Capital Management, LLC, has voting and dispositive
power over the shares of our common stock held by BayStar Capital II,
LP. Neither BayStar Capital Management, LLC nor BayStar Capital II, LP
is an affiliate of a registered broker-dealer.
| [Nothing equivalent] | | 40 | In the UNIX operating system market, our competitors include IBM, Hewlett-Packard and Sun. These and other competitors are aggressively pursuing the current UNIX operating system market. Many of these competitors have access to greater resources than we do. The major competitive alternatives to our UNIX products are Microsoft's NT and Linux. The expansion of Microsoft's and our other competitors' offerings may restrict the overall market available for our server products, including some markets where we have been successful in the past. | In the UNIX operating system market, our competitors include IBM, Microsoft, Hewlett Packard and Sun. These and other competitors are aggressively pursuing the current UNIX operating system market. These competitors have access to greater resources than we do. The major competitive alternatives to our UNIX products are Microsoft's NT and Linux. While we believe that our server products retain a competitive advantage in a number of targeted application areas, the expansion of Microsoft's and our other competitors' offerings may restrict the overall market available for our server products, including some markets where we have been successful in the past. |
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