decoration decoration
Stories

GROKLAW
When you want to know more...
decoration
For layout only
Home
Archives
Site Map
Search
About Groklaw
Awards
Legal Research
Timelines
ApplevSamsung
ApplevSamsung p.2
ArchiveExplorer
Autozone
Bilski
Cases
Cast: Lawyers
Comes v. MS
Contracts/Documents
Courts
DRM
Gordon v MS
GPL
Grokdoc
HTML How To
IPI v RH
IV v. Google
Legal Docs
Lodsys
MS Litigations
MSvB&N
News Picks
Novell v. MS
Novell-MS Deal
ODF/OOXML
OOXML Appeals
OraclevGoogle
Patents
ProjectMonterey
Psystar
Quote Database
Red Hat v SCO
Salus Book
SCEA v Hotz
SCO Appeals
SCO Bankruptcy
SCO Financials
SCO Overview
SCO v IBM
SCO v Novell
SCO:Soup2Nuts
SCOsource
Sean Daly
Software Patents
Switch to Linux
Transcripts
Unix Books

Gear

Groklaw Gear

Click here to send an email to the editor of this weblog.


You won't find me on Facebook


Donate

Donate Paypal


No Legal Advice

The information on Groklaw is not intended to constitute legal advice. While Mark is a lawyer and he has asked other lawyers and law students to contribute articles, all of these articles are offered to help educate, not to provide specific legal advice. They are not your lawyers.

Here's Groklaw's comments policy.


What's New

STORIES
No new stories

COMMENTS last 48 hrs
No new comments


Sponsors

Hosting:
hosted by ibiblio

On servers donated to ibiblio by AMD.

Webmaster
The Mysterious Disappearance Of Functionality Considerations From The Apple v. Samsung Design Patent Claim Construction ...
Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 06:56 PM EDT

The Mysterious Disappearance Of Functionality Considerations From The
Apple v. Samsung Design Patent Claim Construction And Its Prejudicial Impact

Copyright 2012 by Richard T. Redano1

On December 2, 2011 the district court in the Apple v. Samsung patent litigation issued a 65 page ruling2 denying Apple’s motion to preliminarily enjoin the U.S. sales of several Samsung products,3 based upon such products’ alleged infringement of three design patents4 and one utility patent,5 owned by Apple. In this ruling, the district court:

(a) recognized that “certain aspects of the design patent that are dictated by function” may limit the scope of such patent;6

(b) listed elements contained in Apple’s design patents that are “dictated by function;”7

(c) explained that it should “consider only the remaining aspects of the design in the infringement and anticipation analysis of the design patent”8 (citing Richardson v. Stanley Works, Inc.9 and OddzOn Prods., Inc. v. Just Toys, Inc.10);

(d) identified functional features in Apple’s design patents;11 and

(e) performed an infringement analysis of these design patents “in light of” its claim construction.12

The above described claim construction and infringement analysis appear balanced and consistent with Federal Circuit authority cited by the district court.

On August 21, 2012, less than nine months after issuing its Order Denying PI Motion, the same district court issued its Final Jury Instructions.13 These Final Jury Instructions contain no claim construction addressing the issue of functionality. The functionality issue, as it relates to design patent claim scope, mysteriously vanished from the district court’s application of design patent law between the December 2011 issuance of the Order Denying PI Motion and the August 2012 issuance of the Final Jury Instructions. This paper explores the basis for, and prejudicial impact of, this vanishing claim interpretation issue on the Samsung defendants (hereinafter “Samsung”).14



On May 14, 2012, the Federal Circuit affirmed the district court’s Order Denying PI Motion with respect to the D’087, D’677 and ‘381 Patents, and vacated and remanded this Order with respect to the D’889 Patent.15 The Federal Circuit held that “the district court erred in finding that” a prior art reference “created the same visual impression as the D’889 patent” and ordered the district court to consider the balance of hardships and whether the public interest favored an injunction with respect to the D’889 Patent on remand.16 The Federal Circuit’s decision did not address the claim interpretation issue of functionality. Thus, as of May 14, 2012, the district court’s December 2011 ruling limiting the scope of Apple’s design patents to exclude identified functional features had survived an appeal to the Federal Circuit.

On July 27, 2012, shortly before the start of trial, the district court issued an Order Regarding Design Patent Claim Construction (“Initial Claim Construction Order”), stating that it would “provide a supplemental claim construction at the close of evidence addressing any potential functional limitations to the scope of the design patents-in-suit.”17 On July 29, 2012, the district court issued an Order Amending Design Patent Claim Construction (“Amended Claim Construction Order”) to correct two typographical errors and to clarify the meaning of the

1

use of oblique line shading in Apple’s design patents.18 On August 18, 2012, the district court issued Tentative Design Patent Jury Instructions.19 The Initial Claim Construction Order and the Amended Claim Construction Order, as well as the Tentative Design Patent Jury Instructions, failed to limit the scope of any design patent based upon non-ornamental or functional features.

An extremely significant, yet inexplicable, shift in the district court’s view of “functional limitations” in the design patents-in-suit apparently occurred between December 2, 2011 and July 27, 2012.20 As explained above, the district court’s December 2011 Order Denying PI Motion identified a multiplicity of non-ornamental features in the design patents-in-suit.21 With respect to the claim interpretation issue of functionality, the district court explained:

Richardson instructs the district court to identify the aspects of the design that are “dictated by” function and to consider only the remaining aspects of the design in the infringement and anticipation analysis of the design patent.22

The district court’s use of the verb “instructs” in describing the Federal Circuit’s holding in Richardson is accurate and noteworthy. It is clear that in December 2011, the district court acknowledged the existence of binding Federal Circuit authority requiring the district court to (a) identify functional aspects or elements of the design, and (b) filter those functional elements from the infringement and anticipation analysis. Additionally, in its Order Denying PI Motion, the district court cited Richardson’s guidance that “there are a number of claim scope issues on which a court’s guidance would be useful to the fact finder,” including “the distinction between functional and ornamental aspects of a design.”23

Yet, by July 2012, the district court merely recognized the existence of “potential functional limitations to the scope of the design patents-in-suit.”24 Apparently, these “potential functional limitations” failed to materialize by the time of the Court’s August 21, 2012 Jury Instructions, which contained no instructions limiting the scope of any design patent-in-suit due the presence of non-ornamental features. Unfortunately, the fact finder in the Apple v. Samsung patent litigation received no useful guidance from the district court on the claim scope issue of functionality.

In design patent litigation, the issue of functionality arises in the contexts of both invalidity and claim interpretation. With respect to the invalidity defense of functionality, the district court cited the following language from L.A. Gear, Inc. v. Thom McAn Shoe Co.25:

An article of manufacture necessarily serves a utilitarian purpose, and the design of a useful article is deemed to be functional when the appearance of the claimed design is ‘dictated by’ the use of purpose of the article. If the particular design is essential to the use of the article, it cannot be the subject of a design patent.26

The district court further held that the “determination of whether the patented design is dictated by the function of the article of manufacture must ultimately rest on its overall appearance.”27

Final Jury Instruction 52 entitled “Design Patents—Invalidity—Lack of Ornamentality” substantially applied the functionality principles quoted above, stating:

If Samsung proves by clear and convincing evidence that the overall appearance of an Apple patented design is dictated by how the article claimed in the patent works, the patent is invalid because the design is not “ornamental.” . . .

2

When deciding this, you should keep in mind that design patents must be for articles of manufacture, which by definition have inherent functional characteristics. It is normal that claimed designs perform some function – that does not disqualify them from patent protection.28

An important aspect of the functionality analysis in the invalidity context is that it applies to “the overall appearance” of the patented design, as opposed to functional elements of the patented design. Thus, it is possible that a design patent directed to a design consisting of eight functional elements and two ornamental elements might be found by the trier of fact to have an “overall appearance” that is not functional. Thus, the Federal Circuit’s “overall appearance” standard for the invalidity defense of functionality favors the patentee.

By failing to expressly identify non-ornamental (functional) features of Apple’s design patents and instruct the jury that such features were not to be considered in its infringement analysis, the district court materially, and perhaps fatally, prejudiced Samsung’s non-infringement defenses. The district court unleashed a “free range jury” that was unconstrained in its ability to forage for patentable subject matter that could be used to evaluate infringement among the functional features disclosed in Apple’s design patents.

This free range jury was instructed to evaluate infringement of Apple’s design patents-in-suit as follows:

To determine direct infringement of a design patent, you must compare the overall appearance of the accused design and the claimed design.

If you find by a preponderance of the evidence that the overall appearance of an accused Samsung design is substantially the same as the overall appearance of the claimed Apple design patent, and that the accused design was made, used, sold, offered for sale, or imported within the United States, you must find that the accused design infringed the claimed design.29

Assuming that the jury followed the above instructions, then the overall appearance based comparison made by the jury would have included the screens “that encompasses a large portion of the front face” of the accused Samsung smartphones and the smartphone disclosed in Apple’s D’087 and D’677 Patents—a feature held to be non-ornamental by the district court and excluded from the district’s court’s December 2011 infringement analysis.30 The presence of this common non-ornamental feature in the accused devices and the design patents-in-suit would have weighed in favor of finding a substantial similarity between the overall appearances of the accused Samsung devices and Apple’s design patents-in-suit. This example illustrates the prejudice that Samsung likely suffered as a result of the district court’s legally erroneous failure to exclude non-ornamental features from the claim scope of Apple’s design patents that was provided to the jury.

This prejudice was amplified by the proper jury instructions on the invalidity defense of functionality which permit a jury to dilute the significance of individual functional elements in the “overall appearance” analysis. The only context provided by the jury instructions for any trial testimony on the issue of functionality was that it went to the invalidity defense of lack of ornamentality (functionality) — a defense which does not focus on individual functional features. Jury Instruction 52 correctly instructed the jury that “design patents must be for articles of manufacture, which by definition have inherent functional characteristics.”

3

To paraphrase the title of a popular song recorded by Jerry Reed, Apple Got The Goldmine And Samsung Got The Shaft, with respect to design patent claim scope. This brings us to the final issue of what is the appropriate remedy for the district court’s erroneous and harmful claim interpretation. The answer to that question may be found in Apple’s Motion For Judgment As A Matter of Law (“Apple’s JMOL Motion”), wherein Apple states:

Where, as here, “an incorrect claim construction…removes from the jury a basis on which the jury could reasonably have reached a different verdict, the verdict should not stand.” Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. v. St. Jude Med., Inc., 381 F.3d 1371, 1383 (Fed. Cir. 2004).31

While appeals based upon a legally erroneous claim interpretation are not uncommon in the Federal Circuit, this case offers the added twist of a district court that applied a proper claim interpretation at the preliminary injunction stage and then abandoned that claim interpretation in issuing its Final Jury Instructions, without explanation. Hopefully, this issue will be raised on appeal and addressed by the Federal Circuit.

________________

1 Richard T. Redano is an adjunct professor of law at the University of Tennessee College of Law where he teaches patent litigation, and he is the president of Richard T. Redano, P.C. (rredano@redanoipcounsel.com)

2 Apple, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al., U.S.D.C. for the N.D. of Calif., Case No.: 11-CV-01846-LHK (“Apple v. Samsung”), Doc. No. 452 (hereinafter “Order Denying PI Motion”)

3 These Samsung products are the Galaxy S 4G and Infuse 4G phones, and Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablet computer (see Order Denying PI Motion, p. 1, l. 23)

4 These design patents are D618,677 (“the D’677 Patent”), D593,087 (“the ‘D’087 Patent”), and D504,889 (“the D’889 Patent”).

5 U.S. Patent No. 7,469,381 (“the ‘381 Patent”).

6 Order Denying PI Motion, p. 14, ll. 24-25; p. 39, ll. 23-24.

7 Id. at p. 15, ll. 6-16; p. 39, l. 26 – p. 40, l. 3.

8 Id. at p. 14, l. 28 – p. 15, l. 2; p. 39, ll. 24-26.

9 597 F.3d 1288, 1293 (Fed. Cir. 2010).

10 122 F.3d 1396, 1404-05 (Fed. Cir. 1997).

11 With respect to the D’087 and D’677 Patents, the “Court therefore finds that a size that can be handheld, a screen that encompasses a large portion of the front face of the smartphone, and a speaker on the upper portion of the front face of the products are non-ornamental.” Order Denying PI Motion, p. 15, ll. 14-16. “The Court finds that several aspects of the D’889 Patent are dictated by function. Specifically, the tablet computer must be a size that allows portability. [citations omitted] Additionally, because the tablet functions by the user touching the screen, the tablet must have a relatively large screen in order to perform the function of the tablet. Because the size must allow portability, the screen necessarily must encompass a large portion of the front face of the product.” Id. at p. 39, l. 23 – p. 40, l. 3

12 Order Denying PI Motion, p. 26, ll. 9-10; p. 45, ll. 24-25.

13 Apple v. Samsung, Doc. No. 1893 (hereinafter “Final Jury Instructions”)

14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung Electronics America, Inc., Samsung Telecommunications America, LLC.

15 Apple, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 678 F.3d 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2012).

16 Id. at 1332-33.

17 (emphasis added); Apple v. Samsung, Doc. No. 1425 at p. 2, ll. 10-11.

18 Apple. v. Samsung, Doc. No. 1447 at pp. 1-2.

19 Apple v. Samsung, Doc. No. 1827.

20 An August 20, 2012 Order entering the Final Jury Instruction indicates that the design patent claim scope instruction was “disputed.” Apple v. Samsung, Doc. No. 1883 at p. 53.

21 see note 10.

22 Order Denying PI Motion, p. 14, l. 28 – p. 15, l. 2.

23 Id. at p. 15, n. 9.

24 see note 16.

25 988 F.2d 1117, 1123 (Fed. Cir. 1993).

26 Order Denying PI Motion, p. 12, ll. 1-5.

27 (emphasis added); Id. at p. 12, ll. 6-7, citing PHG Techs., LLC v. St. John Cos., Inc., 469 F.3d 1361, 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2006).

28 (emphasis added); Final Jury Instructions at p. 70.

29 (emphasis added); Final Jury Instructions at p. 63.

30 see note 11.

31 Apple v. Samsung, Doc. No. 1989 at p. 12, ll. 4-7. In its JMOL Motion, Apple contests aspects of the district court’s claim interpretation, other than functionality.

4


  


The Mysterious Disappearance Of Functionality Considerations From The Apple v. Samsung Design Patent Claim Construction ... | 83 comments | Create New Account
Comments belong to whoever posts them. Please notify us of inappropriate comments.
The Mysterious Disappearance Of Functionality Considerations From The Apple v. Samsung Design Patent Claim Construction ...
Authored by: eric76 on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:06 PM EDT
There doesn't seem to be anything rational about the trial.

It almost makes me wonder if the judge was trying to get it overturned by the
appeals court.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Corrections thread
Authored by: ChrisP on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:14 PM EDT
Please put 'Korrection -> correction' in the title.

---
Gravity sucks, supernovae blow!

[ Reply to This | # ]

Off-Topic Thread
Authored by: ChrisP on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:16 PM EDT
On-topic comments will be sucked into a black hole.

---
Gravity sucks, supernovae blow!

[ Reply to This | # ]

Thank you Dr. Redano...
Authored by: Gringo_ on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:17 PM EDT
...for your contribution in the interests of Justice.

[ Reply to This | # ]

News Picks Thread
Authored by: ChrisP on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:18 PM EDT
For easy reference, please put the URL or a link to the news pick in the
comment.

---
Gravity sucks, supernovae blow!

[ Reply to This | # ]

Well this is getting interesting.
Authored by: SilverWave on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:35 PM EDT
Thanks.

---
RMS: The 4 Freedoms
0 run the program for any purpose
1 study the source code and change it
2 make copies and distribute them
3 publish modified versions

[ Reply to This | # ]

lying to the jury
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 07:39 PM EDT
Judges say things like this to juries all the time in their instructions:

"If you find by a preponderance of the evidence that the overall appearance
of an accused Samsung design is substantially the same as the overall appearance
of the claimed Apple design patent, and that the accused design was made, used,
sold, offered for sale, or imported within the United States, you must find that
the accused design infringed the claimed design."

The article explains that this statement is, in fact, false. The judge must
have known that her statements was false because it was incomplete. That makes
it a lie.

Even if it was more accurate, the "you must find" bugs me. MUST? In
the entire history of the United States, has a juror ever been executed or
thrown in jail merely for voting for acquittal? It is just another lie.

For all the talk about respect for juries, it is pretty clear to me that judges
hate them and cannot stand the idea that a jury would think for itself.
Personally, I think the jury would have been much less likely to run away eith
erroneous argument if it thought its members were allowed to think instead of
trying to follow irrational laws and instructions.

How do we get judges to stop lying to juries????

[ Reply to This | # ]

  • lying to the jury - Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 08:05 PM EDT
  • MUST? - Authored by: ChrisP on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 08:24 PM EDT
    • MUST? - Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 17 2012 @ 11:36 AM EDT
      • MUST? - Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 17 2012 @ 11:44 AM EDT
        • MUST? - Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 17 2012 @ 12:18 PM EDT
          • MUST? - Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 17 2012 @ 01:51 PM EDT
  • lying to the jury - Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 09:17 PM EDT
  • This is not lying. - Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 17 2012 @ 05:13 AM EDT
Obvious standard?
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 08:16 PM EDT
Is this really the law in US? This is from the #452 docket (part 3) mentioned
above.


"The test for anticipation [and obviousness by implication] is the same as
the test for infringement, the only difference being that the court compares the
patented design with the alleged anticaptory reference rather than the accused
infringing product...".

So by implication something that is so obviously obvious that it is not worth
mentioning, IS NOT OBVIOUS?

But somebody who is "innovate enough" to patent it, gets the patent!

[ Reply to This | # ]

  • Obvious standard? - Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 10:21 PM EDT
Obvious standard? Part 2
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 08:22 PM EDT
I thought the law was "somebody skilled in the art" rather than
"somebody skilled at being a pedant", lol

[ Reply to This | # ]

Missing a couple of important points...
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 09:27 PM EDT

An important point that I think is missed is that both parties participate in creating the jury instructions. If you look at the docket, you can see tons of filings from both parties relating to the jury instructions.

The docket...

Sure, claim construction is the court's job, but unless Samsung timely objected to this issue, Samsung has already waived it and cannot appeal it.

Another point, the leading case on claim construction of design patents (Egyptian Goddess) makes clear that the district court has very broad latitude in construing design patents. In that case, the Federal Circuit stated:

One of the issues raised by this court in its order granting en banc review was whether trial courts should conduct claim construction in design patent cases. While this court has held that trial courts have a duty to conduct claim construction in design patent cases, as in utility patent cases, see Elmer, 67 F.3d at 1577, the court has not prescribed any particular form that the claim construction must take. To the contrary, the court has recognized that design patents "typically are claimed as shown in drawings," and that claim construction "is adapted accordingly." Arminak & Assocs., Inc., 501 F.3d at 1319; see also Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 162 F.3d at 1116. For that reason, this court has not required that the trial court attempt to provide a detailed verbal description of the claimed design, as is typically done in the case of utility patents. See Contessa Food Prods., Inc., 282 F.3d at 1377 (approving district court's construction of the asserted claim as meaning "a tray of a certain design as shown in Figures 1-3").[1]

I am not sure if you can read that to mean that the court must talk about functional elements in claim construction. I think it means the exact opposite. Mainly, that as long as the court does claim construction (which it did), that is enough for claim construction. Thus, I think Apple will argue that the court did not err because it did not have to construe the functional elements of the design patents. Of course, if something was not construed, then it follows that it would not appear in the jury instructions.

Too bad so much was sealed in this case. This entire issue would be much more clear if we could read the claim construction briefings.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Where was Samsung?
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, October 16 2012 @ 09:38 PM EDT
[T]his case offers the added twist of a district court that applied a proper claim interpretation at the preliminary injunction stage and then abandoned that claim interpretation in issuing its Final Jury Instructions, without explanation.
I won't claim to completely understand this paper and realize that it is an academic treatment, not a news report, but the question that jumps out at me is, "What was Samsung doing, then?"

Judge Koh didn't write the jury instructions in a vacuum. Samsung and Apple were arguing tooth and nail over them. Did Samsung allow this change to occur without arguing against it? If Samsung argued against it, how did it get implemented without some sort of explanation to Samsung? If it was implemented without justification, why haven't we heard more about this until now? We all know about Samsung making a huge deal about what it wasn't allowed to show in court thanks to Samsung providing information too late, but at least the court provided an explanation for that, yet it sounds as if this might have been an even bigger deal and without any explanation, so why didn't Samsung scream even louder about this? Without knowing those things, I have trouble trusting the conclusions of the paper. (I'm not saying it's wrong, but it doesn't seem consistent with what I know of Samsung's behavior.)

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Significance of Dr. Redano's contribution
Authored by: Gringo_ on Wednesday, October 17 2012 @ 08:50 AM EDT

Nearly everybody is aware by now of the Apple/Samsung patent battles. Among them, if they know nothing else, many have at least heard of two things: There is some controversy about Apple claiming a design patent on "rectangles with rounded corners", and they aware there is some controversy surrounding the fairness in recent trial between Apple and Samsung, whether due to jury misconduct or something else. These two issues have become central and the defining features of the conflict.

Dr. Redano's thesis directly addresses the first of these these features, and leaves us with a big question mark on the second.

The following (edited) quote summarizes Dr. Redano's thoughts on the issue of Apple's design patent on "rectangles with rounded corners"...

An important aspect of the functionality analysis in the invalidity context is that it applies to "the overall appearance" of the patented design, as opposed to functional elements of the patented design. Thus, it is possible that a design patent directed to a design consisting of eight functional elements and two ornamental elements might be found by the trier of fact to have an "overall appearance" that is not functional.

By failing to expressly identify non-ornamental (functional) features of Apple’s design patents and instruct the jury that such features were not to be considered in its infringement analysis, the district court materially, and perhaps fatally, prejudiced Samsung’s non-infringement defenses.

Above, (besides having abbreviated Dr. Redano's arguments), I have highlighted a line with bold font that should have spelled doom for Apple's design patent, because Apple design philosophy eliminates ornamentation.

Nothing remains but the functional elements of the design at issue. Unfortunately for Apple, their design philosophy doesn't lend itself to design patents on specific elements. Only when you combine together each individual component of the endless elements of hardware, software, and packaging that make up an iPhone do you finally get something that says "Apple".

Apple's "form follows function" design philosophy is clean, orderly, and based on lines, curves, bevels and simplicity. It is heavily influenced by 1960s Braun products. Jobs wanted his products to be simple above all else.

It must have been a huge frustration for Apple to have to defend its design patent on "rectangles with rounded corners" when they would have been well aware that it is, in in itself, indefensible. Being indefensible, the only way Apple could survive jury scrutiny of it design patent was to have the jury ignore functional elements of the design. How the jury ended up without instruction on this matter, in spite of the fact that the district court had promised to give such instruction earlier, leaves us with this big black question mark hovering over the question of fairness of the Apple/Samsung trial.

[ Reply to This | # ]

The Mysterious Disappearance Of Functionality Considerations From The Apple v. Samsung Design Patent Claim Construction ...
Authored by: Anonymous on Saturday, October 20 2012 @ 07:15 AM EDT
Lots of people blame the judge, i for one do not. This case
is very complex, lots of tiny stuff like this every court
date goes by. Both parties are fighting tooth and nail. you
can really see how apple really gives nothing up. On these
kind of issues it really becomes hard to keep track of all
this. It probably slipped through because apple was arguing
some other ridiculous thing, or samsung was making some
other major demand, through all the fighting things fall
under the radar. I wonder how anybody would stay on top of
everything in the trial. If its not something today, it definitely something
tomorrow, and 5 things the day after
that... those things sure add up.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Groklaw © Copyright 2003-2013 Pamela Jones.
All trademarks and copyrights on this page are owned by their respective owners.
Comments are owned by the individual posters.

PJ's articles are licensed under a Creative Commons License. ( Details )