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| Caldera's OpenLinuxLite and SysV init |
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Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 12:46 PM EDT
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Someone sent me a copy of Caldera's OpenLinux Lite 1.1, copyrighted 1997. We earlier looked at that version in an earlier article about ELF, but now I had my own copy to play with. Back then, according to the cover, Caldera was still located in Provo, Utah, not Lindon. So this is history. But it's relevant history, as I'll show you, relevant in particular to SCO v. IBM but also to the AutoZone case perhaps and hopefully to any future escapades SCO might be dreaming up. Someone else had long ago sent me the Partner CD SCO distributed at SCOforum 2004, and right after I was looking through OpenLinux Lite, I dug it out and was looking at it again, and I noticed on the SCOforum CD the slides Chris Sontag showed during his keynote talk giving the audience an update on the IP litigation as SCO saw it back then. It's quite amusing to see how he pitched it -- as success after success -- given how it's turned out so far. But one slide hit me in a way that it never did before, probably because I had just looked at the list of everything distributed as source in OpenLinux Lite. As one example of copying, on
slide 24, Sontag listed in connection with the IBM litigation allegedly infringed SYS V init code:
(ii) copying of UNIX System V init (SYS V init) code in Linux version 2.6
SYS V init? But I had just seen it on the list in the SRPMS list in Caldera's Open Linux Lite. Unless there is something very particular about the version of SYS V init in a distro that includes the Linux 2.6 kernel, something seems fishy in Lindon. Groklaw has thoroughly rebutted SCO's claims about ELF, I think, for example in Frank Sorenson's A Closer Look at the ABI Files, also in A Tall Tale About ELF and "PATCH: ELF registry now at Caldera" in 2002 & LKP and GNU Tools. We even showed ELF inside OpenLinux Lite 1.1 in that earlier article. I made a list once of all our ELF articles, but I couldn't find it for this article, but there have been a lot, and in my view, we've wrestled that ELF claim to the mat and held it down long enough to be declared the winner. But we've never addressed SYS V init directly. Let's get started now.
SCO's claims regarding SYS V init
So I started to look back at SCO's claims. For some reason, I just never noticed it before, but now I find SYS V init all over the place in the SCO v. IBM litigation.
Back in 2004, John Harrop's Declaration mentioned SYS V init -- not that I noticed at the time -- back when SCO was hounding the court for more discovery. Here's why they said they needed to dig more and more: Comparison of Source Code
72. In addition to the foregoing, SCO reasonably expects that further comparisons of source code will permit SCO to present evidence in opposition to IBM’s Tenth Counterclaim. Examples of facts from discovery to date that show copying of material from UNIX into Linux include (i) substantial similarity of the Read-Copy-Update (“RCU”) routine in Linux to a routine in UNIX; (ii) copying of UNIX System V init (SYS V init) code in Linux version 2.6; (iii) substantial similarity of the user level synchronization (ULS) routines in Linux and similar routines in UNIX; (iv) copying of SCO’s UNIX System V IPC code in Linux 2.4.20; (v) copying of SCO’s copyrighted UNIX “header and interfaces” in Linux; and (vi) copying of SCO’s UNIX Executable and Linking Format (ELF) codes in Linux. (Gupta Decl. ¶¶ 3-86.) The foregoing evidence demonstrates copying from UNIX into Linux -- and is probative even if SCO is not seeking to assert copyright in the foregoing material. SCO has not retained a testifying expert on copyright issues; SCO has filed only a relatively narrow copyright claim in this action and did so only in February 2004. Such an expert would testify to the relative importance of the foregoing materials in Linux.
Sandeep Gupta also implicated SYS V init in his Redacted Declaration of July 2, 2004: 3. In this declaration, I will explain why I believe that several routines and several groupings of code for which SCO has copyright protection were copied into the Linux operating system. Specifically, this declaration will (1) describe how the Read-Copy-Update routine in Linux is substantially similar to a routine in UNIX; (2) describe how the user level synchronization (ULS) routines in Linux are substantially similar to routines in UNIX; (3) describe how Linux version 2.4.20 contains code that is either an identical or substantially similar copy of SCO's UNIX System V IPC code; (4) identify identical and substantially similar copying of SCO's copyrighted UNIX "header and interfaces" in Linux; (5) describe how Linux version 2.6 contains code that is an identical copy of SCO's UNIX System V init (SYS V init) code; and (6) identify identical copying of SCO's UNIX Executable and Linking Format (ELF) code in Linux.
The declaration will discuss these topics of copyright infringement in the order just described. Although I am not an expert in copyright law, I believe these topics either show copying of code or raise significant factual issues that need to be explored further.
SCO's Memorandum In Opposition to Defendant International Business Machines' Motion for Summary Judgment of Non-Infringement also referenced Gupta's language and particularized code in Linux 2.6 it alleged was copied from UNIX SMP 4.2 System V initialization code: Comparison of Source Code
In addition to the foregoing, SCO reasonably expects that further comparisons of source code will permit SCO to present evidence that creates genuine issues of material fact regarding IBM's Tenth Counterclaim. Examples of facts from discovery to date that show copying of material from UNIX into Linux include (i) copying of SCO's UNIX Executable and Linking Format (ELF) codes in Linux; (ii) substantial similarity in the Read-Copy-Update ("RCU") routine in Linux version 2.6.5 and in patches to Linux and the RCU version in SCO's copyrighted work, specifically UNIX SVR4.2 MP; (iii) copying of UNIX SMP 4.2 System V initialization (SYS V init) code in Linux version 2.6; (iv) substantial similarity in the user level synchronization (ULS) routines in Linux and similar routines in UNIX; (v) copying of SCO's UNIX System V IPC code in Linux 2.4.20; and (vi) copying of SCO's copyrighted UNIX "header and interfaces" in Linux. Gupta Aff. ¶¶ 3-86.
In Brian W. Kernighan's Unsealed Declaration, he responded to the Gupta claims about SYS V init:
24. Mr. Gupta's claims for "certain UNIX System V headers and interfaces" (¶¶ 63-72) and "SYS V init code" (¶¶ 73-76) concern code that is not found in the Linux kernel.... That code is therefore outside what I understand to be the scope of the IBM Counterclaim at issue. Mr. Gupta's claims as to this code nevertheless suffer from the defects described above: a failure to filter non-protectable material and an inappropriate standard of similarity.
25. Each of these six regions involves only elements that are unprotectable and/or dissimilar, as is demonstrated in detail in Exhibits II through VII.
26. Putting aside the errors in Mr. Gupta's methodology, the code he identifies as infringing does not constitute a substantial part of the allegedly copyrighted works. SCO purports to hold copyrights in several versions of Unix System V source code, which over the years have ranged in size from several hundred thousand lines of code (in early versions) to many millions of lines of code in a current version. The alleged similarities identified by Mr. Gupta amount to a total of less than three hundred lines.
27. The allegedly infringed portions of the allegedly copyrighted works are not significant or important parts of the allegedly copyrighted works, considered as a whole -- either quantitatively or qualitatively. So we're not talking about kernel code here, just to be clear. SCO never found anything there to shake a stick at. SCO is talking about glue code, interfaces and headers and stuff that helps a computer to find things and know where to go to get it and make it work with other stuff. According to Kernighan, it's insignificant. There's the other issue too that SCO doesn't own the copyrights it claimed back then to own, but since SCO is appealing that court ruling, it's still worth it to track all this carefully.
SCO characterized Gupta's claim like this in its Memorandum in Opposition to IBM's Motion to Strike Materials Submitted by SCO in Opposition to IBM's Cross Motion For Partial Summary Judgment back in 2004: B. Sandeep Gupta Presented Facts Showing that Linux Contains Source Code Copied from UNIX...
4. Linux has Copies of UNIX Interface and Header and Init and Executable Linking Format ("ELF") Code Well. That's true. But who put them there? At least with respect to OpenLinux Lite, the copy I have in my hand, it was Caldera.
The Contents of OpenLinux Lite
As I started to play around with the OpenLinux Lite CD, looking for anything of interest, my original thought was that it would be good to list every source rpm in this version of OpenLinux Lite, just so the world would know that there are no trade secrets to anything released as source by SCO/Caldera and that the methods and concepts are out there, like so many dandelion seeds in the wind. If you recall, we did that kind of a list with OpenLinux 3.1.1, but I notice that the lists are not identical. Both lists have SYS V init, and I just never noticed it before when we did the earlier article. In OpenLinux Lite it has: SysVinit-2.64-1.src.rpm
SysVinit-scripts-1.01-7.src.rpm
tksysv-0.9-1.src.rpm
iBCS-2.0-12.src.rpm
libelf-0.5.2.3.src.rpm OpenLinux 3.1.1 uses a later version of SYS V init:
12/13/2001 04:28p 117,831 SysVinit-2.78-3.src.rpm
12/13/2001 04:28p 59,324 SysVinit-scripts-1.08-5.src.rpm And it used the 2.4.13 kernel. So, if anyone has OpenLinux that uses the 2.6 kernel, can you let us know what version of SYS V init is in there? Of course, there are other differences, just because of time. The Lite version from 1997 had a.out, for example, but no one used that by 3.1.1, I don't think, and Lizard is in 3.1.1 but not Lite. I don't see iBCS in the later version. Both have binutils, which of course includes ELF, which SCO also wishes to sue folks over, including AutoZone. You guys will probably notice lots more than I will.
[ Update: Groklaw member rsmith contributes this:
I found the original source for the RPM at this link.
Eleven of the 13 the C files in this source package carry a notice that they are released under the GPL. Ten of the 13 C files carry a copyright notice by Miquel van Smoorenburg. One contains a copyright notice from Cistron Electronics where Miquel worked at that time. Only start-stop-daemon.c (written by Marek Michalkiewicz and dedicated to the public domain) and sulogin.c (Marked with the initials MvS in the version tag) don't have a copyright notice or GPL header. End update.]
Isn't that weird, though, that SCO would sue anyone for SYS V init being in Linux? They put that code, as *source* code, into their Linux distro in 1997. So I have a question or two for you Unix and Linux experts out there:
1. What would be different about SYS V init in the 2.6 kernel as opposed to the 2.4 or earlier, if anything?
2. Could you take a look at your copies of various versions of OpenLinux and report on the contents of the SRPMS and tell us if SYS V init is in there, and if so, what version?
In OpenLinux Lite 1.1, I found them in OpenLinux/sources/SRPMS.
I also found in my OpenLinux Lite CD an announce file, which included this information:
Caldera OpenLinux (TM) Lite 1.1
OpenLinux is a Caldera-maintained distribution of the Linux operating system. OpenLinux releases will continue to track advances in the various freely-distributable software communities. Caldera OpenLinux products use a standard Linux kernel, but they also include several Caldera-specific features that are not part of other Linux systems....
Features of OpenLinux...
- Full 32-bit architecture, supporting both ELF and a.out binaries...
- Ability to act as a client to other UNIX, Windows NT, and Windows95 systems
-Ability to act as a server to other UNIX, Windows NT, and Windows95 systems There is also License file:
Nearly all of the components that make up the OpenLinux Lite product are distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License or similar licenses which permit free and unrestricted redistribution.
Finally, there is a README file that tells you how to install OpenLinux, and it lists the various contents categories, including this one:
This directory is organized as follows:...
[---> sources/ -- source code for redistributable software packages So that tells us that everything we find provided as sources in SRPMS is redistributable. That's what SRPMs are, the source code. This list isn't all that was in OpenLinux Lite, of course. There were proprietary projects in there too, some of which were later open sourced, so you have 380 in SRPMS and 544 in RPMS. Putting all this evidence together, and it certainly looks to me like Caldera, now calling itself SCO, put SYS V init and the rest of the list in SRPMS because they intended that it be redistributable. How do they later turn around and sue people for redistributing or for having it in a Linux distro when SCO put it in its own Linux distro? If the RIAA found those files, and they were suing over source code instead of music, they'd say it was willful and I think the courts would agree, don't you think?
No, this won't stop SCO from proceeding to sue people, probably, but at least those who are targeted will know where they can find what really happened, and what really happened is Caldera/SCO wanted to merge Unix and Linux, so applications from either could run on the other and each would strengthen the other, and we find evidence of it all over the place, including right here in OpenLinux Lite. Just as one example, here's a 2001 Caldera press release announcing the Caldera Developer Network which developers could join for free, so they could "have early access to UNIX and Linux technologies, allowing them to develop on UNIX, on Linux or on a combined UNIX and Linux platform". I know. SCO. No Chinese Wall. And now they want to sue people.
So, all in all, it seems worthwhile to list the SRPMS in all version of OpenLinux that we can. In the AutoZone case, while it's mostly about COFF files from OpenServer and a little touch of ELF and Xenix, SCO implicated methods and concepts in footnote 1 in its Statement of Basis for Claim for Preliminary Injunctive Relief and Nature of Relief: 1 The term "copying" as used herein includes verbatim copying of code or man pages, and copying where the resulting product is substantially similar to the original considering structure, sequence and organization, and other non-literal elements of the code. In addition to copying, SCO's rights may be violated by preparation of derivative works based on the original, gaining beneficial use of the copyrighted materials through interfaces or other means supplied by third parties, or any other act which interferes with the exclusive rights of the copyright owner protected under 17 U.S.C. ¶106.
That's so broadly phrased, it seems to cover a swath as wide as the sky in Montana -- "gaining beneficial use... through interfaces or other means... or any other act"... etc. So whatever we can show that Caldera itself put into SRPMS, the less SCO can ever claim trade secrets, contract breaches, or methods and concepts infringement. So, with that in mind, here's the entire list of everything in OpenLinux/sources/SRPMS in my copy of OpenLinux Lite 1.1 CD.
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OpenLinux/sources/SRPMS
acm-4.7-3.src.rpm
adduser-1.1-4.src.rpm
adjtimex-1.2-2.src.rpm
amd-5.2.103-6.src.rpm
anonftp-3.0-1.src.rpm
aout-libs-1.4-1.src.rpm
apache-1.1.1-11.src.rpm
archie-1.4.1-1.src.rpm
arena-beta_2b-1.src.rpm
ash-0.2-1.src.rpm
at-3.0-5.src.rpm
aumix-0.2-2.src.rpm
autoconf-2.10-2.src.rpm
background-1.0-2.src.rpm
bash-1.14.7-2.src.rpm
bc-1.03-5.src.rpm
bdflush-1.5-3.src.rpm
bin86-0.3-2.src.rpm
bind-4.9.5p1-2.src.rpm
binutils-2.7.0.2-2.src.rpm
bison-1.24-3.src.rpm
bm2font-3.0-3.src.rpm
bootp-2.4.3-3.src.rpm
bootpc-0.51-1.src.rpm
bsd-games-1.3-4.src.rpm
buffer-1.17-1.src.rpm
byacc-1.9-3.src.rpm
cdp-0.33-2.src.rpm
cdwrite-2.0-1.src.rpm
cmu-snmp-2.1.2l4-5.src.rpm
color-ls-3.12.0.3-3.src.rpm
control-panel-2.4-1.src.rpm
coolmail-1.3-3.src.rpm
cpio-2.4.1-3.src.rpm
cproto-4.4-2.src.rpm
CRiSPlite-doc-1.0-1.src.rpm
crontabs-1.9-1.src.rpm
cvs-1.7-3.src.rpm
cxhextris-1.0-4.src.rpm
db-1.85.4-2.src.rpm
ddd-2.0-2.src.rpm
DEV-2.0-2.src.rpm
dialog-0.6-5.src.rpm
diffutils-2.7-3.src.rpm
dip-3.3.7o-7.src.rpm
dosemu-0.64.3-1.src.rpm
dump-0.3-4.src.rpm
e2fsprogs-1.04-1.src.rpm
easyedit-1.42-1.src.rpm
ecc-1.3.5-1.src.rpm
ed-0.2-3.src.rpm
edy-2.2-1.src.rpm
efax-0.7a-3.src.rpm
eject-1.2-2.src.rpm
ElectricFence-2.0.5-2.src.rpm
elm-2.4.25-4.src.rpm
elvis-1.8.3-2.src.rpm
exmh-1.6.4-3.src.rpm
ext2ed-0.1-3.src.rpm
f2c-19960205-2.src.rpm
faces-1.6.1-4.src.rpm
faq-19960820-1.src.rpm
fdutils-4.3-1.src.rpm
file-3.19-2.src.rpm
fileutils-3.12-3.src.rpm
findutils-4.1-5.src.rpm
flex-2.5.2-3.src.rpm
flying-6.20-2.src.rpm
fort77-1.11-1.src.rpm
fortune-mod-1.0-2.src.rpm
free-lj4-german-1.1p1-1.src.rpm
free-lj4-1.1p1-1.src.rpm
fsstnd-1.2-1.src.rpm
fstool-2.5-2.src.rpm
ftptool-4.6-1.src.rpm
fvwm-1.24r-35.src.rpm
fwhois-1.00-4.src.rpm
gawk-3.0.0-1.src.rpm
gcal-0.37-2.src.rpm
gcc-2.7.2.1-1.src.rpm
gdb-4.16-1.src.rpm
gdbm-1.7.3-4.src.rpm
gencat-022591-2.src.rpm
german-docs-2.2-1.src.rpm
gettext-0.10-3.src.rpm
getty_ps-2.0.7h-1.src.rpm
ghostscript-3.33-2.src.rpm
ghostview-1.5-2.src.rpm
giftrans-1.11.1-3.src.rpm
gimp-static-0.54.1-1.src.rpm
git-4.3.7-3.src.rpm
glint-2.1.3-3.src.rpm
gn-2.22-3.src.rpm
gnuchess-4.0.pl75-1.src.rpm
gnuplot-3.5-3.src.rpm
gpm-1.06-3.src.rpm
grep-2.0-4.src.rpm
groff-1.10-4.src.rpm
gzip-1.2.4-4.src.rpm
hdparm-3.1-1.src.rpm
helptool-2.1-1.src.rpm
hman-1.01-1.src.rpm
howto-19970120-1.src.rpm
html-3.0-1.src.rpm
iBCS-2.0-12.src.rpm
ical-2.0p2-5.src.rpm
illustrated-audio-0.3-1.src.rpm
ImageMagick-3.7.6-2.src.rpm
imap-4.1.BETA-1.src.rpm
indent-1.9.1-3.src.rpm
inn-1.5.1-2.src.rpm
intimed-1.10-2.src.rpm
ipfwadm-2.3.0-1.src.rpm
ipx-1.0-6.src.rpm
ipxripd-0.7-2.src.rpm
ircii-2.8.2-5.src.rpm
isdn4k-utils-2.0-1.src.rpm
ispell-3.1.18-2.src.rpm
jed-0.97.13-2.src.rpm
joe-2.8-5.src.rpm
kaffe-0.6.0p1-1.src.rpm
kbd-0.91-8.src.rpm
koules-1.1c-3.src.rpm
kterm-6.1.0-2.src.rpm
ktzset-2.1-1.src.rpm
ldp-19960819-2.src.rpm
ld.so-1.7.14-4.src.rpm
less-290-5.src.rpm
lg-doc-1.0-1.src.rpm
lg-eval-1.05-2.src.rpm
lha-1.00-3.src.rpm
libc-5.4.22-1.src.rpm
libelf-0.5.2-3.src.rpm
libgr-2.0.11-2.src.rpm
libg++-2.7.1.4-1.src.rpm
libpam-0.56-2.src.rpm
libtermcap-2.0.8-2.src.rpm
lilo-0.19-2.src.rpm
linux-2.0.29-1.src.rpm
linuxdoc-sgml-1.5-4.src.rpm
logrotate-1.0-1.src.rpm
lout-3.06-4.src.rpm
LPRng-2.3.11-3.src.rpm
lrzsz-0.12a-4.src.rpm
LSM-19950101-1.src.rpm
lynx-2.4.2-4.src.rpm
lyx-0.10.7-1.src.rpm
m4-1.4-4.src.rpm
macutils-2.0b3-2.src.rpm
mailcap-1.0-2.src.rpm
mailx-5.5.kw-3.src.rpm
make-3.74-5.src.rpm
man-pages-1.15-1.src.rpm
man_db-2.3.10-2.src.rpm
maplay-1.2-2.src.rpm
mawk-1.2.2-3.src.rpm
mc-3.1.2-2.src.rpm
metamail-2.7-5.src.rpm
mgetty-1.1.1_Jan28-1.src.rpm
mh-6.8.3-6.src.rpm
minicom-1.75-1.src.rpm
mkdosfs-ygg-0.3b-2.src.rpm
mkisofs-1.05-3.src.rpm
ml-2.3-1.src.rpm
modemtool-1.0-1.src.rpm
modules-2.0.0-3.src.rpm
moonclock-1.0-3.src.rpm
mount-2.5m-1.src.rpm
moxfm-1.0-2.src.rpm
mpage-2.2.1-2.src.rpm
mpeg_play-2.3-1.src.rpm
mt-st-0.4-2.src.rpm
mtools-3.0-1.src.rpm
mule-19.34.91delta-1.src.rpm
multimedia-2.0-3.src.rpm
mush-7.2.5-1.src.rpm
mxp-1.0-2.src.rpm
ncftp-1.9.4-5.src.rpm
ncompress-4.2.4-3.src.rpm
ncsa-1.5.1-5.src.rpm
ncurses-1.9.9g-7.src.rpm
nenscript-1.13++-4.src.rpm
net-tools-1.32_alpha-5.src.rpm
netcfg-2.2-1.src.rpm
NetKit-B-0.08-4.src.rpm
netpbm-1mar1994-5.src.rpm
nfs-server-2.2beta26-1.src.rpm
nis-1.0-7.src.rpm
nls-1.0-1.src.rpm
nvi-1.49-4.src.rpm
open-1.3-3.src.rpm
OpenLinuxLite-1.1-2.src.rpm
optprep-1.9-0.src.rpm
p2c-1.20-4.src.rpm
pam-apps-0.50-6.src.rpm
paradise-2.3p19-3.src.rpm
patch-2.1-3.src.rpm
pcmcia-cs-2.9.1-2.src.rpm
pdksh-5.2.7-2.src.rpm
perf-rstatd-1.4-4.src.rpm
perl-5.003-4.src.rpm
perl4-4.036-4.src.rpm
pidentd-2.7b3-1.src.rpm
pine-3.95-1.src.rpm
pixmap-2.6-1.src.rpm
plan-1.5.1-1.src.rpm
playmidi-2.3-3.src.rpm
pmake-1.0-3.src.rpm
pmirror-2.5-2.src.rpm
popclient-2.21-5.src.rpm
portmap-5beta-1.src.rpm
ppp-2.2.0f-3.src.rpm
printtool-2.5-3.src.rpm
procinfo-0.7-2.src.rpm
procmail-3.10-5.src.rpm
procps-1.01-6.src.rpm
project-map-19960923-1.src.rpm
promondia-1.0-1.src.rpm
psutils-1.16-2.src.rpm
python-1.3-8.src.rpm
pythonlib-1.5-1.src.rpm
rcs-5.7-3.src.rpm
rdate-10.10.94-3.src.rpm
rdist-1.0-2.src.rpm
readline-2.0-6.src.rpm
recode-3.4-1.src.rpm
rpm-2.2.6-1.src.rpm
rxvt-2.10-3.src.rpm
samba-1.9.16p7-1.src.rpm
sc-6.21-1.src.rpm
screen-3.7.3-2.src.rpm
sed-2.05-4.src.rpm
sendmail-8.8.5-2.src.rpm
setup-1.4-0.src.rpm
seyon-2.14c-5.src.rpm
sh-utils-1.12+security-3.src.rpm
sharutils-4.2-2.src.rpm
slang-0.99.34-1.src.rpm
sliplogin-2.0.2-2.src.rpm
slrn-0.8.6-1.src.rpm
slsc-0.2.3-6.src.rpm
sox-11g-3.src.rpm
spider-1.0-2.src.rpm
spray-1.2-1.src.rpm
stat-1.5-3.src.rpm
statnet-2.00-2.src.rpm
statserial-1.1-3.src.rpm
strace-3.1-1.src.rpm
svgalib-1.2.10-1.src.rpm
swatch-2.1-3.src.rpm
symlinks-1.0-2.src.rpm
sysklogd-1.3-2.src.rpm
SysVinit-scripts-1.01-7.src.rpm
SysVinit-2.64-1.src.rpm
taper-6.0-2.src.rpm
tar-1.11.14-1.src.rpm
tb-1.4-2.src.rpm
tcltk-7.5_4.1-6.src.rpm
tcpdump-3.0.2-2.src.rpm
tcp_wrappers-7.4-2.src.rpm
tcsh-6.06-10.src.rpm
termcap-9.13.15-2.src.rpm
tetex-0.4pl2-1.src.rpm
texinfo-3.7-3.src.rpm
textutils-1.17-1.src.rpm
tgif-3.0p6-1.src.rpm
time-1.6-3.src.rpm
timetool-2.1-1.src.rpm
timidity-instruments-1.0-4.src.rpm
timidity-0.2i-4.src.rpm
tin-1.3ub-2.src.rpm
tkinfo-0.6-1.src.rpm
tkman-1.8b2-1.src.rpm
tksysv-0.9-1.src.rpm
traceroute-4.4BSD-2.src.rpm
tracker-4.3-2.src.rpm
transfig-3.1.1-2.src.rpm
trn-3.6-6.src.rpm
trojka-1.1-2.src.rpm
tunelp-1.3-2.src.rpm
typhoon-1.10.3-3.src.rpm
uemacs-4.0.0-1.src.rpm
umb-scheme-2.12-3.src.rpm
umsdos_progs-0.8-4.src.rpm
unarj-2.41a-2.src.rpm
units-1.0-3.src.rpm
unzip-5.12-3.src.rpm
usercfg-2.3-2.src.rpm
util-linux-2.5-21.src.rpm
uucp-1.06.1-4.src.rpm
vga_cardgames-1.3.1-4.src.rpm
vga_gamespack-1.3-3.src.rpm
vga_tetris-0.4-1.src.rpm
vim-4.4-3.src.rpm
vixie-cron-3.0.1-15.src.rpm
vlock-0.8-2.src.rpm
wdiff-0.5.1-1.src.rpm
which-1.0-2.src.rpm
wnn-4.2-1.src.rpm
words-2-2.src.rpm
workman-1.3-3.src.rpm
woven-docs-1.0-1.src.rpm
wu-ftpd-2.4.2b12-3.src.rpm
x3270-3.1.0A3-2.src.rpm
xanim-2.70.6.3-1.src.rpm
xarchie-2.0.10-1.src.rpm
Xaw3d-1.3-3.src.rpm
xbill-1.1-c1.src.rpm
xbl-1.0f-2.src.rpm
xbmbrowser-5.1-1.src.rpm
xboard-3.4.pl1-1.src.rpm
xboing-2.3-3.src.rpm
xcept-demo-4.0-2.src.rpm
xchomp-1.0-2.src.rpm
xcolorsel-1.1a-2.src.rpm
Xconfigurator-1.3.1-2.src.rpm
xdaliclock-2.05-2.src.rpm
xdemineur-1.1-2.src.rpm
xearth-1.0-c1.src.rpm
xemacs-19.14-4.src.rpm
xevil-1.4-2.src.rpm
xf-control-panel-1.0-3.src.rpm
xf-panel-0.1-2.src.rpm
xfig-3.1.4-3.src.rpm
xfishtank-2.0-2.src.rpm
xfmail-0.4-1.src.rpm
xfractint-3.00-2.src.rpm
XFree86-server-3.2-1.src.rpm
XFree86-fonts-3.2-1.src.rpm
XFree86-contrib-3.2-3.src.rpm
XFree86-3.2-1.src.rpm
xgalaga-1.6b-2.src.rpm
xgammon-0.98-4.src.rpm
xgopher-1.3-3.src.rpm
xjewel-1.6-3.src.rpm
xlander-1.2-2.src.rpm
xlispstat-3.44-3.src.rpm
xloadimage-4.1-3.src.rpm
xlockmore-3.6-2.src.rpm
xmailbox-2.2-2.src.rpm
xmbase-grok-1.3.2-2.src.rpm
xmgr-3.01pl7-1.src.rpm
xmine-1.0.3-2.src.rpm
xmorph-24nov94-3.src.rpm
xmplay-1.0-3.src.rpm
xntp-3.5f-3.src.rpm
xosview-1.3.2-3.src.rpm
xpaint-2.4.6-1.src.rpm
xpat2-1.05-1.src.rpm
xpdf-0.5-1.src.rpm
xpilot-3.6.1-1.src.rpm
xpm-4.8-2.src.rpm
xpostit-3.3.1-1.src.rpm
xpuzzles-5.0-2.src.rpm
xrn-8.02-1.src.rpm
xscreensaver-1.25-3.src.rpm
xselection-1.6-1.src.rpm
xsnow-1.39-2.src.rpm
xsysinfo-1.2-3.src.rpm
xtar-1.4-1.src.rpm
xteddy-1.0-1.src.rpm
xterm-color-1.0-3.src.rpm
xtetris-2.6-2.src.rpm
xtoolwait-0.3-1.src.rpm
xtrojka-1.1-3.src.rpm
xv-3.10a-4.src.rpm
xview-3.2p1-2.src.rpm
xwatch-2.10-1.src.rpm
xwpe-1.4.2-5.src.rpm
xwpick-2.20-2.src.rpm
xxgdb-1.0.8-3.src.rpm
ytalk-3.0.2-3.src.rpm
zapem-0.2-3.src.rpm
zgv-2.7-3.src.rpm
zip-2.01-5.src.rpm
zoneinfo-1997a-1.src.rpm
zsh-2.5.03-2.src.rpm
zz_3dlook-1.0-6.src.rpm
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| Authored by: tiger99 on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:01 PM EDT |
| To assist PJ in maintaining the high standard set by Groklaw. [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: tiger99 on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:04 PM EDT |
All discussion of Groklaw Newspick items should go here. Please help us all by
indicating which Newspick item you are referring to in the title of your post.
Thanks.[ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:04 PM EDT |
| SysVInit is a user space program. It is *never* included in *any* kernel. [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: tiger99 on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:07 PM EDT |
No on topic with respect to the main article here, or you may be
flamedshot!Seriously though, anything that is of interest to
Groklaw readers but not related to the article ought to go here. Please
remember those clickable links, and test them in preview before posting. Thanks. [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:32 PM EDT |
Of course, the "SysV init" used by Linux is not derived in any way from any
SysV code. As the comment at the top of the source says, the name is short for
"A System-V Init Clone." It has been written from scratch and merely follows
the same general configuration file format as SysV's "init".
Perhaps SCO
could have asked the author to change the name to not contain SysV; if they'd
said no then SCO might have had a case for trademark infringement. But
the copyright infringement claim is just ridiculous. (In fact, this is more
evidence that the copyright infringement allegations were made by totally
clueless managers - "oooh it says SysV, it must be a copy of our code so I won't
bother doing any more checks!")
The latest version of sysvinit can be
obtained from:
ftp://ftp.cistron.nl/pu
b/people/miquels/sysvinit/
The tarball contains a changelog going
back to version 1 in 1992.
[ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:34 PM EDT |
| Shipped with the 2.2.14 kernel. [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: BsAtHome on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 02:52 PM EDT |
The most interesting part is that SysVinit referred to is not something SCO has
writen at all. I just pulled the historic packages from redhat 4.2 (http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/redhat/4.2/src/SRPM
S/). If I recall corectly, then redhat and caldera were resonably in sync at
that time. The source rpm's spec file points to the real source at tsx-11, but I
got it from a historic mirror of the primary site http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/ftp-arc
hives/sunsite.unc.edu/Sep-29-1996/system/Daemons/init/ (long live historic
archives!).
So, why is this interesting. The LSM file:
Title: sysvinit and
utilities
Version: 2.64
Entered-Date: 05JUL1996
Description: This is
the Linux System V init.
The source package has the debian build files
included.
(debian package name is sysvinit-2.64-1.tar.gz)
You should use at
least this version if you upgrade
to the Linux 2.0 kernel (unless you have
2.60 already
installed succesfully).
Author: miquels@cistron.nl
(Miquel van Smoorenburg)
Primary-Site: sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Daemons/init
83k
sysvinit-2.64.tar.gz
ALternate-Site: tsx-11.mit.edu
/pub/linux/sources/sbin
83k
sysvinit-2.64.tar.gz
Copying-Policy: GPL
If you read the Changelog file,
then it becomes apparent that the code was started on Minix (feb-1992). Miquel
ported his own code in jul-1992 to his new 386 running Linux. Version 2.0 it is
Linux specific and is a rewrite of the previous version.
If you look at the
history of the code, then it looks highly unlikely that there is any SysV code
in there. The only thing one might think is that some constructs are probably
similar between all init implementations due to the specific function that needs
to be performed.
---
SCOop of the day [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: xtifr on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 05:12 PM EDT |
It seems obvious what will have to happen now...
SCO will have to sue Caldera! :)
---
Do not meddle in the affairs of Wizards, for it makes them soggy and hard to
light.[ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: sk43 on Wednesday, March 11 2009 @ 07:47 PM EDT |
A reminder: The full text of Sandeep Gupta's Declaration (without redaction) is
available here:
http://www.groklaw.net/pdf/IBM-835-Exhibit_202.pdf
The allegations regarding SYS V Init are covered in paragraphs 73-76.
Basically, all he says is that someone could copy it by reading the manual
pages. He refers explicitly to the files "init" and
"inittab."
As has been pointed out above, Sys V Init is really a user space subsystem and
does not implicate the kernel at all. In fact, not all Linux distribution even
use Sys V Init. My Asus eee pc, which runs Xandros, has its own custom process
called "fastinit" that does none of the things identified by Gupta.[ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: SilverWave on Thursday, March 12 2009 @ 04:08 AM EDT |
French police: we saved millions of euros by
adopting Ubuntu
---
RMS: The 4 Freedoms
0 run the program for any purpose
1 study the source code and change it
2 make copies and distribute them
3 publish modified versions
[ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Ian Al on Thursday, March 12 2009 @ 05:28 AM EDT |
Just as one example, here's a 2001 Caldera press release announcing
the Caldera Developer Network which developers could join for free, so they
could "have early access to UNIX and Linux technologies, allowing them to
develop on UNIX, on Linux or on a combined UNIX and Linux
platform".
So, they are encouraging development for Unix on a
Linux platform and development for Linux on a Unix platform. Wouldn't that mean
that folk would have Unix source-code in their Linux sandboxes? Didn't SCOG say
in SCO v IBM that they wanted to see the sandboxes to show that Linux developers
had access to Unix source code? Libraries and header files and the like? Didn't
SCOG say that it would be an appalling violation of the Unix developers' licence
conditions? Didn't they say it would damage SCOG to the order of
beelions?
Something tells me that I have completely misread SCOG's claims.
Perhaps they have got a good chance at winning the appeal.
Then
again, it could all have been an egregious extortion scam based on evidence
planted by Caldera and practices that Caldera promoted. Before they changed
their name to SCO and claimed Santa Cruz as their forebears, that
is. ---
Regards
Ian Al
Linux: Viri can't hear you in free space. [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Anonymous on Thursday, March 12 2009 @ 09:56 AM EDT |
| Hmmm, Microsoft should sue SCO over the inclusion of mkdosfs in OpenLinux Lite. [ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Anonymous on Thursday, March 12 2009 @ 02:00 PM EDT |
Requoting from Gupta above:
In addition to the foregoing, SCO
reasonably expects that further comparisons of source code will permit SCO to
present evidence that creates genuine issues of material fact regarding IBM's
Tenth Counterclaim. Examples of facts from discovery to date that show copying
of material from UNIX into Linux include (i) copying of SCO's UNIX Executable
and Linking Format (ELF) codes in Linux; (ii) substantial similarity in the
Read-Copy-Update ("RCU") routine in Linux version 2.6.5 and in patches to Linux
and the RCU version in SCO's copyrighted work, specifically UNIX SVR4.2 MP;
(iii) copying of UNIX SMP 4.2 System V initialization (SYS V init)
code in Linux version 2.6; (iv) substantial similarity in the user level
synchronization (ULS) routines in Linux and similar routines in UNIX; (v)
copying of SCO's UNIX System V IPC code in Linux 2.4.20; and (vi) copying of
SCO's copyrighted UNIX "header and interfaces" in Linux. Gupta Aff. ¶¶ 3-86.
What SCO didn't like was IBM putting the SMP 4.2
version of SysVInit in to Linux, thus making Linux more enterprise-ready. The
SMP version is for multi-processors.
[ Reply to This | # ]
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| Authored by: Anonymous on Friday, March 13 2009 @ 04:17 PM EDT |
Hi
srpm files usually turn into more than one rpm files, so
it's quite normal for the number of srpm files to be
significantly smaller than the number of rpm files.
This is because of the source code that creates e.g. shared
libraries and separate lib*-dev.rpms for when you need to
compile stuff against the libraries instead of just using
pre-compiled software...
Cheers
Simon[ Reply to This | # ]
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